Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in colorectal cancer invasion, metastases, and prognosis

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent proteases that are capable of proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane and have been implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis. In this article, we will briefly review the MMP family and their natural inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), as well as review in vitro and in vivo evidence supporting a role for MMPs and TIMPs in cancer invasion and metastasis, in particular colorectal cancer. In addition, we will address the potential role of MMPs as markers of colorectal cancer prognosis and their potential use as novel target molecules for antimetastatic therapy.