TY - JOUR
T1 - Maturational trajectories of non-rapid eye movement slow wave activity and odds ratio product in a population-based sample of youth
AU - Ricci, Anna
AU - He, Fan
AU - Fang, Jidong
AU - Calhoun, Susan L.
AU - Vgontzas, Alexandros N.
AU - Liao, Duanping
AU - Younes, Magdy
AU - Bixler, Edward O.
AU - Fernandez-Mendoza, Julio
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Institute of MentalHealth, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the NationalCenter for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutesof Health under Awards Number R01MH118308 (Fernandez-Mendoza), R01HL136587 (Fernandez-Mendoza), R01HL97165(Bixler/Liao), R01HL63772 (Bixler) and UL1TR000127. The contentis solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarilyrepresent the official views of the NIH.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/7
Y1 - 2021/7
N2 - Background: Brain maturation is reflected in the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) by a decline in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) slow wave activity (SWA) throughout adolescence and a related decrease in sleep depth. However, this trajectory and its sex and pubertal differences lack replication in population-based samples. We tested age-related changes in SWA (0.4–4 Hz) power and odds ratio product (ORP), a standardized measure of sleep depth. Methods: We analyzed the sleep EEG of 572 subjects aged 6-21 y (48% female, 26% racial/ethnic minority) and 332 subjects 5-12 y followed-up at 12-22 y. Multivariable-adjusted analyses tested age-related cross-sectional and longitudinal trajectories of SWA and ORP. Results: SWA remained stable from age 6 to 10, decreased between ages 11 and 17, and plateaued from age 18 to 21 (p-cubic<0.001); females showed a longitudinal decline 23% greater than males by 13 y, while males experienced a steeper slope after 14 y and their longitudinal decline was 21% greater by 19 y. More mature adolescents (75% female) experienced a greater longitudinal decline in SWA than less mature adolescents by 14 y. ORP showed an age-related increasing trajectory (p-linear<0.001) with no sex or pubertal differences. Conclusions: We provide population-level evidence for the maturational decline and sex and pubertal differences in SWA in the transition from childhood to adolescence, while introducing ORP as a novel metric in youth. Along with previous studies, the distinct trajectories observed suggest that age-related changes in SWA reflect brain maturation and local/synaptic processes during this developmental period, while those of ORP may reflect global/state control of NREM sleep depth.
AB - Background: Brain maturation is reflected in the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) by a decline in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) slow wave activity (SWA) throughout adolescence and a related decrease in sleep depth. However, this trajectory and its sex and pubertal differences lack replication in population-based samples. We tested age-related changes in SWA (0.4–4 Hz) power and odds ratio product (ORP), a standardized measure of sleep depth. Methods: We analyzed the sleep EEG of 572 subjects aged 6-21 y (48% female, 26% racial/ethnic minority) and 332 subjects 5-12 y followed-up at 12-22 y. Multivariable-adjusted analyses tested age-related cross-sectional and longitudinal trajectories of SWA and ORP. Results: SWA remained stable from age 6 to 10, decreased between ages 11 and 17, and plateaued from age 18 to 21 (p-cubic<0.001); females showed a longitudinal decline 23% greater than males by 13 y, while males experienced a steeper slope after 14 y and their longitudinal decline was 21% greater by 19 y. More mature adolescents (75% female) experienced a greater longitudinal decline in SWA than less mature adolescents by 14 y. ORP showed an age-related increasing trajectory (p-linear<0.001) with no sex or pubertal differences. Conclusions: We provide population-level evidence for the maturational decline and sex and pubertal differences in SWA in the transition from childhood to adolescence, while introducing ORP as a novel metric in youth. Along with previous studies, the distinct trajectories observed suggest that age-related changes in SWA reflect brain maturation and local/synaptic processes during this developmental period, while those of ORP may reflect global/state control of NREM sleep depth.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85106475623&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85106475623&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.05.002
DO - 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.05.002
M3 - Article
C2 - 34049047
AN - SCOPUS:85106475623
SN - 1389-9457
VL - 83
SP - 271
EP - 279
JO - Sleep Medicine
JF - Sleep Medicine
ER -