@article{c3324eed82a547418c21ba6ee38e05cb,
title = "Mechanism studies of hydrothermal cold sintering of zinc oxide at near room temperature",
abstract = "Zinc oxide densification mechanisms occurring during the cold sintering process (CSP) are examined by investigating specifically the effects of ion concentration in solution, temperature, pressure, and die sealing. The experiments suggest that mass transport through solution is a primary densification mechanism and that either a pre-loaded solution or grain dissolution can supply migrating ions. Additionally, results indicate cold sintering zinc oxide requires a critical pressure value, above which densification is relatively pressure independent under the majority of process conditions. This critical pressure is related to thermal expansion of the liquid and determines the uniaxial pressure threshold for densification. The data supports a three-stage interpretation of cold sintering, which includes quick compaction, grain rearrangement, and dissolution-reprecipitation events. Further, it is observed that under the lowest temperature conditions a net decrease in particle size can occur during the cold sintering process.",
author = "Xiaoyu Kang and Richard Floyd and Sarah Lowum and Matthew Cabral and Elizabeth Dickey and Maria, {Jon Paul}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors also thank the Veronica Augustyn research group at North Carolina State University for the use of their Raman Spectrometer. The authors acknowledge the use of the Analytical Instrumentation Facility (AIF) at North Carolina State University, which is supported by the State of North Carolina and the National Science Foundation. The authors acknowledge support from The Center for Dielectrics and Piezoelectrics, a national research center and consortium under the auspices of the Industry/University Cooperative Research Centers program at the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. IIP‐1361571 and 1361503. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. DGE‐1252376. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Funding Information: The authors also thank the Veronica Augustyn research group at North Carolina State University for the use of their Raman Spectrometer. The authors acknowledge the use of the Analytical Instrumentation Facility (AIF) at North Carolina State University, which is supported by the State of North Carolina and the National Science Foundation. The authors acknowledge support from The Center for Dielectrics and Piezoelectrics, a national research center and consortium under the auspices of the Industry/University Cooperative Research Centers program at the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. IIP-1361571 and 1361503. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. DGE-1252376. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 The American Ceramic Society",
year = "2019",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1111/jace.16340",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "102",
pages = "4459--4469",
journal = "Journal of the American Ceramic Society",
issn = "0002-7820",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "8",
}