Metallic NbS₂ One-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures

This study presents the experimental demonstration of metallic NbS₂-based one-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures using a modified NaCl-assisted chemical vapor deposition strategy. By employing a ″remote salt″ strategy, we realized precise control of the NaCl supply, enabling the growth of high-quality coaxial NbS₂ nanotubes on single-walled carbon nanotube–boron nitride nanotube (SWCNT–BNNT) templates. Using this remote salt strategy, the morphologies of as-synthesized NbS₂ could be tuned from 1D nanotubes to suspended 2D flakes. Structural characterization via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) confirmed the formation of crystalline NbS₂ nanotubes, with a double-walled preference compared to single-walled dominated behavior of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide analogs. Optical analyses using UV–vis–NIR and FTIR spectroscopy were consistent with the metallic nature of NbS₂. Raman-based oxidation studies demonstrated a relatively higher degradation rate of 1D NbS₂ under ambient conditions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further provided insight into the stabilization mechanism of double-walled NbS₂ nanotubes, suggesting that interlayer charge transfer and Coulomb interactions contribute to the double-walled stabilization. These results provide a framework for synthesizing metallic 1D vdW heterostructures and elucidating their stabilization mechanisms.