TY - JOUR
T1 - Methylhopane biomarker hydrocarbons in Hamersley Province sediments provide evidence for Neoarchean aerobiosis
AU - Eigenbrode, Jennifer L.
AU - Freeman, Katherine H.
AU - Summons, Roger E.
N1 - Funding Information:
Katherine Freeman and Jennifer Eigenbrode were supported by National Science Foundation Grants EAR-00-73831 and EAR-00-80267, an American Association for Petroleum Geologists Grant-in-Aid, a Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium fellowship [National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Grant NGT5-40090] (to J.L.E.), NASA Astrobiology Institute (NNA04CC06A-PSU and NNA04CC09A-CIW) and the Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington. Roger Summons was supported by an SGER grant from the NSF (OCE-0434846), NSF (EAR0418619) and the NASA Exobiology Program (NNG05GN62G). We thank Matt Hurtgen for sampling assistance and Emma Grosjean for GC–MS-MS assistance at MIT.
PY - 2008/9/15
Y1 - 2008/9/15
N2 - Bacteriohopanepolyols with A-ring methyl substituents are bacterial lipid biomarkers that are presently known to originate from just a few specific taxa. When preserved in ancient rocks, the fossilized hydrocarbon skeletons of these molecules have the potential to provide biogeochemical records of those taxa and their respective physiologies. Considering both their occurrences in modern organisms, and their Proterozoic and Phanerozoic sedimentary distributions, hopanes carrying 2-methyl or 3-methyl substituents are proposed to be derived from cyanobacteria and oxygen-respiring methanotrophs, respectively. Here we report the distribution of methylhopanes in 2.72-2.56 billion-year-old, Neoarchean rocks from the Hamersley Province on the Pilbara Craton. The relative abundance of C31-3β-methylhopane, but not that of C31-2α-methylhopane, shows a strong correlation to the carbon isotopic composition of co-occurring kerogen (insoluble particulate organic matter). The unanticipated nature of this relationship provides evidence for a shallow-water locus of carbon cycling through aerobic oxidation of CH4 and, coincidentally, a means to demonstrate biomarker syngenicity. 2α-Methylhopanes are most abundant in both shale and carbonate from shallow-water sediments, and a positive correlation to carbonate abundance, contrasts to variable, but generally lower, 2α-methylhopane abundances of deeper water facies. These observations are consistent with their origin from cyanobacteria which were likely the cornerstone of microbial communities in shallow-water ecosystems providing molecular oxygen, fixed carbon, and possibly fixed nitrogen.
AB - Bacteriohopanepolyols with A-ring methyl substituents are bacterial lipid biomarkers that are presently known to originate from just a few specific taxa. When preserved in ancient rocks, the fossilized hydrocarbon skeletons of these molecules have the potential to provide biogeochemical records of those taxa and their respective physiologies. Considering both their occurrences in modern organisms, and their Proterozoic and Phanerozoic sedimentary distributions, hopanes carrying 2-methyl or 3-methyl substituents are proposed to be derived from cyanobacteria and oxygen-respiring methanotrophs, respectively. Here we report the distribution of methylhopanes in 2.72-2.56 billion-year-old, Neoarchean rocks from the Hamersley Province on the Pilbara Craton. The relative abundance of C31-3β-methylhopane, but not that of C31-2α-methylhopane, shows a strong correlation to the carbon isotopic composition of co-occurring kerogen (insoluble particulate organic matter). The unanticipated nature of this relationship provides evidence for a shallow-water locus of carbon cycling through aerobic oxidation of CH4 and, coincidentally, a means to demonstrate biomarker syngenicity. 2α-Methylhopanes are most abundant in both shale and carbonate from shallow-water sediments, and a positive correlation to carbonate abundance, contrasts to variable, but generally lower, 2α-methylhopane abundances of deeper water facies. These observations are consistent with their origin from cyanobacteria which were likely the cornerstone of microbial communities in shallow-water ecosystems providing molecular oxygen, fixed carbon, and possibly fixed nitrogen.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=49849089689&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=49849089689&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.037
DO - 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.037
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:49849089689
SN - 0012-821X
VL - 273
SP - 323
EP - 331
JO - Earth and Planetary Science Letters
JF - Earth and Planetary Science Letters
IS - 3-4
ER -