TY - JOUR
T1 - Molecular systematics of the order Anaspidea based on mitochondrial DNA sequence (12S, 16S, and COI)
AU - Medina, Mónica
AU - Walsh, Patrick J.
N1 - Funding Information:
We are especially grateful to T. Gosliner, J. Ortea, S. Pennings, N. Strenth, K. Lawrence, and T. Capo, who collected some of the specimens used in this study. J. Silberman assisted in various laboratory procedures. We are also thankful to D. Swofford for allowing the use of the beta version of PAUP*. We thank R. Willan for helpful comments on anaspidean taxa and for sharing material in press. We also thank K. Rosen, T. Collins, J. Fell, D. Olson, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on a previous draft of the manuscript. This paper was prepared by Mónica Medina in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Ph.D. in Marine Biology and Fisheries at the University of Miami. Support for this project was funded by NIH RR 10294.
PY - 2000/4
Y1 - 2000/4
N2 - Fragments from three mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, and COI) were sequenced to reconstruct a molecular phylogeny of the opisthobranch order Anaspidea. The molecular phylogeny supports the placement of the genus Akera, a taxon previously regarded by some authors as a cephalaspidean, within the Anaspidea. Incongruence between the molecular data and the classifications based on morphology suggests that some of the taxonomic characters (i.e., shell, parapodia fusion) traditionally used for the classification of sea hares must be reevaluated, since they may be homoplastic. The ancestral nature of Notarchus based on the molecular evidence suggests that homoplasy may be an explanation for the morphological resemblance of this species to the more derived sea hares with highly fused parapodia and concentrated nerve ganglia. Finally, examples are given of how comparative studies of the evolution of learning mechanisms in the anaspidean clade will benefit from the phylogenetic hypothesis presented in this paper. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
AB - Fragments from three mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, and COI) were sequenced to reconstruct a molecular phylogeny of the opisthobranch order Anaspidea. The molecular phylogeny supports the placement of the genus Akera, a taxon previously regarded by some authors as a cephalaspidean, within the Anaspidea. Incongruence between the molecular data and the classifications based on morphology suggests that some of the taxonomic characters (i.e., shell, parapodia fusion) traditionally used for the classification of sea hares must be reevaluated, since they may be homoplastic. The ancestral nature of Notarchus based on the molecular evidence suggests that homoplasy may be an explanation for the morphological resemblance of this species to the more derived sea hares with highly fused parapodia and concentrated nerve ganglia. Finally, examples are given of how comparative studies of the evolution of learning mechanisms in the anaspidean clade will benefit from the phylogenetic hypothesis presented in this paper. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
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U2 - 10.1006/mpev.1999.0736
DO - 10.1006/mpev.1999.0736
M3 - Article
C2 - 10764534
AN - SCOPUS:0034024902
SN - 1055-7903
VL - 15
SP - 41
EP - 58
JO - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
JF - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
IS - 1
ER -