TY - JOUR
T1 - More Arrows in the Ancient DNA Quiver
T2 - Use of Paleoepigenomes and Paleomicrobiomes to Investigate Animal Adaptation to Environment
AU - Liu, Yichen
AU - Weyrich, Laura S.
AU - Llamas, Bastien
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].
PY - 2020/2/1
Y1 - 2020/2/1
N2 - Whether and how epigenetic mechanisms and the microbiome play a role in mammalian adaptation raised considerable attention and controversy, mainly because they have the potential to add new insights into the Modern Synthesis. Recent attempts to reconcile neo-Darwinism and neo-Lamarckism in a unified theory of molecular evolution give epigenetic mechanisms and microbiome a prominent role. However, supporting empirical data are still largely missing. Because experimental studies using extant animals can hardly be done over evolutionary timescales, we propose that advances in ancient DNA techniques provide a valid alternative. In this piece, we evaluate 1) the possible roles of epigenomes and microbiomes in animal adaptation, 2) advances in the retrieval of paleoepigenome and paleomicrobiome data using ancient DNA techniques, and 3) the plasticity of either and interactions between the epigenome and the microbiome, while emphasizing that it is essential to take both into account, as well as the underlying genetic factors that may confound the findings. We propose that advanced ancient DNA techniques should be applied to a wide range of past animals, so novel dynamics in animal evolution and adaption can be revealed.
AB - Whether and how epigenetic mechanisms and the microbiome play a role in mammalian adaptation raised considerable attention and controversy, mainly because they have the potential to add new insights into the Modern Synthesis. Recent attempts to reconcile neo-Darwinism and neo-Lamarckism in a unified theory of molecular evolution give epigenetic mechanisms and microbiome a prominent role. However, supporting empirical data are still largely missing. Because experimental studies using extant animals can hardly be done over evolutionary timescales, we propose that advances in ancient DNA techniques provide a valid alternative. In this piece, we evaluate 1) the possible roles of epigenomes and microbiomes in animal adaptation, 2) advances in the retrieval of paleoepigenome and paleomicrobiome data using ancient DNA techniques, and 3) the plasticity of either and interactions between the epigenome and the microbiome, while emphasizing that it is essential to take both into account, as well as the underlying genetic factors that may confound the findings. We propose that advanced ancient DNA techniques should be applied to a wide range of past animals, so novel dynamics in animal evolution and adaption can be revealed.
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U2 - 10.1093/molbev/msz231
DO - 10.1093/molbev/msz231
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31638147
AN - SCOPUS:85078867836
SN - 0737-4038
VL - 37
SP - 307
EP - 319
JO - Molecular biology and evolution
JF - Molecular biology and evolution
IS - 2
ER -