Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study

Awadh Kishor Pandit; Poorvi Tangri; Shubham Misra; Madakasira Vasantha Padma Srivastava; Sushma Bhatnagar; Alok Thakar; Kapil Sikka; Smriti Panda; Venugopalan Y. Vishnu; Rajesh Kumar Singh; Animesh Das; Divya M. Radhakrishnan; Achal Kumar Srivastava; Rajeshwari Subramaniam; Anjan Trikha; Ayush Agarwal; Roopa Rajan; Vibhor Upadhyay; Sathish Parikipandla; Anup Singh; Arvind Kairo

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10061209

Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study

Awadh Kishor Pandit, Poorvi Tangri, Shubham Misra, Madakasira Vasantha Padma Srivastava, Sushma Bhatnagar, Alok Thakar, Kapil Sikka, Smriti Panda, Venugopalan Y. Vishnu, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Animesh Das, Divya M. Radhakrishnan, Achal Kumar Srivastava, Rajeshwari Subramaniam, Anjan Trikha, Ayush Agarwal, Roopa Rajan, Vibhor Upadhyay, Sathish Parikipandla, Anup SinghArvind Kairo

Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

(1) Background: During the second wave of COVID-19, India faced a rapid and sudden surge of not only COVID19-delta variant cases but also mucormycosis, making the infection even more fatal. We conducted a study to determine factors associated with the occurrence of mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19. (2) Methods: This case–control study comprised 121 patients; 61 cases (mucormycosis with COVID-19) and 60 controls. Patients were included from 10 April 2021 onwards. Follow-up was conducted after about 90 days and health status was recorded based on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). (3) Results: Mucormycosis with COVID-19 cases had a median (IQR) age of 49 (43–59) years with 65.6% males and were older (95% CI 1.015–1.075; p = 0.002) than in the control group with median (IQR) 38 (29–55.5) years and 66.6% males. Baseline raised serum creatinine (OR = 4.963; 95% CI 1.456–16.911; p = 0.010) and D-dimer (OR = 1.000; 95% CI 1.000–1.001; p = 0.028) were independently associated with the occurrence of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, diabetes mellitus (OR = 26.919; 95% CI 1.666–434.892; p = 0.020) was associated with poor outcomes and increased mortality in patients with mucormycosis with COVID-19 as per the multivariable analysis. A total of 30/61 mucormycosis patients had intracranial involvement. (4) Conclusions: The study observed elevated levels of baseline raised creatinine and D-dimer in mucormycosis pa-tients with COVID-19 as compared to the control group. However, future studies may be conducted to establish this cause–effect relationship.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	1209
Journal	Microorganisms
Volume	10
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061209
State	Published - Jun 2022

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Microbiology
Microbiology (medical)
Virology

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10.3390/microorganisms10061209

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Pandit, A. K., Tangri, P., Misra, S., Srivastava, M. V. P., Bhatnagar, S., Thakar, A., Sikka, K., Panda, S., Vishnu, V. Y., Singh, R. K., Das, A., Radhakrishnan, D. M., Srivastava, A. K., Subramaniam, R., Trikha, A., Agarwal, A., Rajan, R., Upadhyay, V., Parikipandla, S., ... Kairo, A. (2022). Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study. Microorganisms, 10(6), Article 1209. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061209

@article{07371e1c2c3e40eb948e8b01157b99ec,

title = "Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study",

abstract = "(1) Background: During the second wave of COVID-19, India faced a rapid and sudden surge of not only COVID19-delta variant cases but also mucormycosis, making the infection even more fatal. We conducted a study to determine factors associated with the occurrence of mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19. (2) Methods: This case–control study comprised 121 patients; 61 cases (mucormycosis with COVID-19) and 60 controls. Patients were included from 10 April 2021 onwards. Follow-up was conducted after about 90 days and health status was recorded based on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). (3) Results: Mucormycosis with COVID-19 cases had a median (IQR) age of 49 (43–59) years with 65.6% males and were older (95% CI 1.015–1.075; p = 0.002) than in the control group with median (IQR) 38 (29–55.5) years and 66.6% males. Baseline raised serum creatinine (OR = 4.963; 95% CI 1.456–16.911; p = 0.010) and D-dimer (OR = 1.000; 95% CI 1.000–1.001; p = 0.028) were independently associated with the occurrence of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, diabetes mellitus (OR = 26.919; 95% CI 1.666–434.892; p = 0.020) was associated with poor outcomes and increased mortality in patients with mucormycosis with COVID-19 as per the multivariable analysis. A total of 30/61 mucormycosis patients had intracranial involvement. (4) Conclusions: The study observed elevated levels of baseline raised creatinine and D-dimer in mucormycosis pa-tients with COVID-19 as compared to the control group. However, future studies may be conducted to establish this cause–effect relationship.",

author = "Pandit, {Awadh Kishor} and Poorvi Tangri and Shubham Misra and Srivastava, {Madakasira Vasantha Padma} and Sushma Bhatnagar and Alok Thakar and Kapil Sikka and Smriti Panda and Vishnu, {Venugopalan Y.} and Singh, {Rajesh Kumar} and Animesh Das and Radhakrishnan, {Divya M.} and Srivastava, {Achal Kumar} and Rajeshwari Subramaniam and Anjan Trikha and Ayush Agarwal and Roopa Rajan and Vibhor Upadhyay and Sathish Parikipandla and Anup Singh and Arvind Kairo",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

year = "2022",

month = jun,

doi = "10.3390/microorganisms10061209",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "10",

journal = "Microorganisms",

issn = "2076-2607",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

number = "6",

}

Pandit, AK, Tangri, P, Misra, S, Srivastava, MVP, Bhatnagar, S, Thakar, A, Sikka, K, Panda, S, Vishnu, VY, Singh, RK, Das, A, Radhakrishnan, DM, Srivastava, AK, Subramaniam, R, Trikha, A, Agarwal, A, Rajan, R, Upadhyay, V, Parikipandla, S, Singh, A & Kairo, A 2022, 'Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study', Microorganisms, vol. 10, no. 6, 1209. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061209

TY - JOUR

T1 - Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Patients

T2 - A Case-Control Study

AU - Pandit, Awadh Kishor

AU - Tangri, Poorvi

AU - Misra, Shubham

AU - Srivastava, Madakasira Vasantha Padma

AU - Bhatnagar, Sushma

AU - Thakar, Alok

AU - Sikka, Kapil

AU - Panda, Smriti

AU - Vishnu, Venugopalan Y.

AU - Singh, Rajesh Kumar

AU - Das, Animesh

AU - Radhakrishnan, Divya M.

AU - Srivastava, Achal Kumar

AU - Subramaniam, Rajeshwari

AU - Trikha, Anjan

AU - Agarwal, Ayush

AU - Rajan, Roopa

AU - Upadhyay, Vibhor

AU - Parikipandla, Sathish

AU - Singh, Anup

AU - Kairo, Arvind

PY - 2022/6

Y1 - 2022/6

N2 - (1) Background: During the second wave of COVID-19, India faced a rapid and sudden surge of not only COVID19-delta variant cases but also mucormycosis, making the infection even more fatal. We conducted a study to determine factors associated with the occurrence of mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19. (2) Methods: This case–control study comprised 121 patients; 61 cases (mucormycosis with COVID-19) and 60 controls. Patients were included from 10 April 2021 onwards. Follow-up was conducted after about 90 days and health status was recorded based on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). (3) Results: Mucormycosis with COVID-19 cases had a median (IQR) age of 49 (43–59) years with 65.6% males and were older (95% CI 1.015–1.075; p = 0.002) than in the control group with median (IQR) 38 (29–55.5) years and 66.6% males. Baseline raised serum creatinine (OR = 4.963; 95% CI 1.456–16.911; p = 0.010) and D-dimer (OR = 1.000; 95% CI 1.000–1.001; p = 0.028) were independently associated with the occurrence of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, diabetes mellitus (OR = 26.919; 95% CI 1.666–434.892; p = 0.020) was associated with poor outcomes and increased mortality in patients with mucormycosis with COVID-19 as per the multivariable analysis. A total of 30/61 mucormycosis patients had intracranial involvement. (4) Conclusions: The study observed elevated levels of baseline raised creatinine and D-dimer in mucormycosis pa-tients with COVID-19 as compared to the control group. However, future studies may be conducted to establish this cause–effect relationship.

AB - (1) Background: During the second wave of COVID-19, India faced a rapid and sudden surge of not only COVID19-delta variant cases but also mucormycosis, making the infection even more fatal. We conducted a study to determine factors associated with the occurrence of mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19. (2) Methods: This case–control study comprised 121 patients; 61 cases (mucormycosis with COVID-19) and 60 controls. Patients were included from 10 April 2021 onwards. Follow-up was conducted after about 90 days and health status was recorded based on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). (3) Results: Mucormycosis with COVID-19 cases had a median (IQR) age of 49 (43–59) years with 65.6% males and were older (95% CI 1.015–1.075; p = 0.002) than in the control group with median (IQR) 38 (29–55.5) years and 66.6% males. Baseline raised serum creatinine (OR = 4.963; 95% CI 1.456–16.911; p = 0.010) and D-dimer (OR = 1.000; 95% CI 1.000–1.001; p = 0.028) were independently associated with the occurrence of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, diabetes mellitus (OR = 26.919; 95% CI 1.666–434.892; p = 0.020) was associated with poor outcomes and increased mortality in patients with mucormycosis with COVID-19 as per the multivariable analysis. A total of 30/61 mucormycosis patients had intracranial involvement. (4) Conclusions: The study observed elevated levels of baseline raised creatinine and D-dimer in mucormycosis pa-tients with COVID-19 as compared to the control group. However, future studies may be conducted to establish this cause–effect relationship.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131892601&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85131892601&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/microorganisms10061209

DO - 10.3390/microorganisms10061209

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85131892601

SN - 2076-2607

VL - 10

JO - Microorganisms

JF - Microorganisms

IS - 6

M1 - 1209

ER -

Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

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