Multi-objective optimization for the sustainable-resilient synthesis/design/operation of a power network coupled to distributed power producers via microgrids

In this paper, multiobjective optimization is proposed for evaluating the sustainable synthesis/design and operation of sets of small renewable and non-renewable energy production technologies coupled to power production/transmission/ distribution networks via microgrids. The optimization is conducted over a quasi-stationary twenty four hour, winter period. Partial load behavior of the generators is included by introducing non-linear functions for efficiency, costs and emissions as a function of the electricity generated by each technology. A new index for resiliency is included in the multiobjective optimization model in order to account for the capacity of the power network system to self-recover to a new normal state after experiencing an unanticipated catastrophic event. Since sustainability/resiliency indices are typically not expressed in the same units, fuzzy logic and an explicit set of weighting factor methods are employed to calculate a composite sustainability-resiliency index. Results indicate for the particular problem posed that the inclusion of microgrids into the network leads to a better overall network efficiency, a reduction in life cycle costs, and an improved network resiliency. On the other hand, total life SO₂ emissions and network reliability are not improved for this particular case when microgrids are included.