Multilevel empirical research: A call for more mixed-methods approaches

Organizations are complex multilevel social systems, in which individual members frequently execute diverse tasks within their functional units or teams to advance strategic goals over a period of time. Diverse organizational phenomena are, therefore, inherently shaped by factors from different levels and can be comprehensively studied by embracing multilevel research designs. In this introductory paper, we review different multilevel approaches used in management and organization studies to contextualize four papers published as part of this management focus on multilevel research. We also discuss several directions for future research. We strongly advocate for scholars to conduct more multilevel qualitative and mixed-methods studies that can address complex business and societal challenges. The need for such research designs is urgent and important in our scholarly field, and your contribution can make a significant difference.