Multimode underwater transducers

Miniature versions of high-power, low frequency transducers are being optimization to produce broadband transmit and receive responses, engineered vibration modes, and optimized acoustic beam patterns. Many medical and underwater ultrasound transducers use small, inexpensive broadband transmitters and receivers that function well in the low-frequency range for long-range penetration and higher frequencies for improved resolution at short range. In addition to bandwidth, the shapes of the acoustic radiation pattern and directional responses of transducers are important parameters in ultrasonic applications. Most ultrasound applications require broad bandwidth and, in some cases, dual operating frequencies. .