Nature-inspired optimization of high-impedance metasurfaces with ultrasmall interwoven unit cells

This letter introduces a set of novel designs for high-impedance metasurfaces with ultrasmall interwoven unit cells that achieve increased miniaturization compared to existing literature, yet still provide identical bandwidth performance and excellent field of view. This development makes possible more compact designs for artificial magnetic conducting (AMC) ground planes and electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) surfaces as well as providing the ability to scale these structures to much lower frequencies. In addition, we show that the unit cell geometry can be manipulated via wind-driven optimization (WDO) to precisely control the center frequency of the proposed high-impedance metasurface designs.