Neonatal imitation of tongue protrusion and mouth opening: Methodological aspects and evidence of early individual differences

MIKAEL HEIMANN, KEITH E. NELSON, JOSEPH SCHALLER

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

87 Scopus citations

Abstract

The present work examines imitation of mouth opening and tongue protrusion in 32 full‐term infants at three different occasions: When the infants are two to three days, three weeks, and three months old. The analysis focuses (1) on individual differences in imitative behaviour and (2) on how to operationalize the infants' responses. The overall group analysis revealed that imitation of tongue protrusion was statistically significant for both two‐ to three‐day‐old and three‐week‐old infants but not when the children had become three months old. No statistically significant effect was observed for imitation of mouth opening. Two different imitation indexes were constructed in order to assess individual differences in early imitative behaviour. Results show that short‐term stability in imitative tendencies exists between the first and second observation. The results further reveal that methodological factors must be seriously considered when studying neonatal imitation: the overall imitation found for tongue protrusion is demonstrated to be dependent on how the infants' responses are coded.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)90-101
Number of pages12
JournalScandinavian Journal of Psychology
Volume30
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 1989

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Developmental and Educational Psychology
  • Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
  • General Psychology

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Neonatal imitation of tongue protrusion and mouth opening: Methodological aspects and evidence of early individual differences'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this