@article{fccf413873244479b67c008e9fdcc38d,
title = "Neutrino emission from the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 prior to the IceCube-170922A alert",
abstract = "A high-energy neutrino event detected by IceCube on 22 September 2017 was coincident in direction and time with a gamma-ray flare from the blazar TXS 0506+056. Prompted by this association, we investigated 9.5 years of IceCube neutrino observations to search for excess emission at the position of the blazar. We found an excess of high-energy neutrino events, with respect to atmospheric backgrounds, at that position between September 2014 and March 2015. Allowing for time-variable flux, this constitutes 3.5s evidence for neutrino emission from the direction of TXS 0506+056, independent of and prior to the 2017 flaring episode. This suggests that blazars are identifiable sources of the high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux.",
author = "{IceCube Collaboration} and Aartsen, {M. G.} and M. Ackermann and J. Adams and Aguilar, {J. A.} and M. Ahlers and M. Ahrens and {Al Samarai}, I. and D. Altmann and K. Andeen and T. Anderson and I. Ansseau and G. Anton and C. Arg{\"u}elles and B. Arsioli and J. Auffenberg and S. Axani and H. Bagherpour and X. Bai and Barron, {J. P.} and Barwick, {S. W.} and V. Baum and R. Bay and Beatty, {J. J.} and {Becker Tjus}, J. and Becker, {K. H.} and S. BenZvi and D. Berley and E. Bernardini and Besson, {D. Z.} and G. Binder and D. Bindig and E. Blaufuss and S. Blot and C. Bohm and M. B{\"o}rner and F. Bos and S. B{\"o}ser and O. Botner and E. Bourbeau and J. Bourbeau and F. Bradascio and J. Braun and M. Brenzke and Bretz, {H. P.} and S. Bron and J. Brostean-Kaiser and A. Burgman and Busse, {R. S.} and T. Carver and Cowen, {D. F.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 International Press of Boston, Inc. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2018",
month = jul,
day = "13",
doi = "10.1126/science.aat2890",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "361",
pages = "147--151",
journal = "Science",
issn = "0036-8075",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "6398",
}