Observations of Low and Intermediate Spectral Peak Blazars with the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer

Herman L. Marshall; Ioannis Liodakis; Alan P. Marscher; Niccolò Di Lalla; Svetlana G. Jorstad; Dawoon E. Kim; Riccardo Middei; Michela Negro; Nicola Omodei; Abel L. Peirson; Matteo Perri; Simonetta Puccetti; Marco Laurenti; Iván Agudo; Giacomo Bonnoli; Andrei V. Berdyugin; Elisabetta Cavazzuti; Nicole Rodriguez Cavero; Immacolata Donnarumma; Laura Di Gesu; Jenni Jormanainen; Henric Krawczynski; Elina Lindfors; Greg Madjeski; Frédéric Marin; Francesco Massaro; Luigi Pacciani; Juri Poutanen; Fabrizio Tavecchio; Pouya M. Kouch; Francisco José Aceituno; Maria I. Bernardos; Víctor Casanova; Maya García-Comas; Beatriz Agís-González; César Husillos; Alessandro Marchini; Alfredo Sota; Dmitry Blinov; Ioakeim G. Bourbah; Sebastian Kielhmann; Evangelos Kontopodis; Nikos Mandarakas; Stylianos Romanopoulos; Raphael Skalidis; Anna Vervelaki; George A. Borman; Evgenia N. Kopatskaya; Elena G. Larionova; Daria A. Morozova; Sergey S. Savchenko; Andrey A. Vasilyev; Alexey V. Zhovtan; Carolina Casadio; Juan Escudero; Joana Kramer; Ioannis Myserlis; Efthalia Trainou; Ryo Imazawa; Mahito Sasada; Yasushi Fukazawa; Koji S. Kawabata; Makoto Uemura; Tsunefumi Mizuno; Tatsuya Nakaoka; Hiroshi Akitaya; Joseph R. Masiero; Dimitri Mawet; Georgia V. Panopoulou; Samaporn Tinyanont; Masato Kagitani; Vadim Kravtsov; Takeshi Sakanoi; Matthew Dattolo; Mark Gurwell; Garrett Keating; Ramprasad Rao; Whee Yeon Cheong; Hyeon Woo Jeong; Sincheol Kang; Sang Hyun Kim; Sang Sung Lee; Emmanouil Angelakis; Alexander Kraus; Antonio Hales; Seiji Kameno; Ruediger Kneissl; Hugo Messias; Hiroshi Nagai; Lucio A. Antonelli; Matteo Bachetti; Luca Baldini; Wayne H. Baumgartner; Ronaldo Bellazzini; Stefano Bianchi; Stephen D. Bongiorno; Raffaella Bonino; Alessandro Brez; Niccolò Bucciantini; Fiamma Capitanio; Simone Castellano; Chen Ting Chen; Stefano Ciprini; Enrico Costa; Alessandra De Rosa; Ettore Del Monte; Alessandro Di Marco; Victor Doroshenko; Michal Dovčiak; Steven R. Ehlert; Teruaki Enoto; Yuri Evangelista; Sergio Fabiani; Riccardo Ferrazzoli; Javier A. Garcia; Shuichi Gunji; Kiyoshi Hayashida; Jeremy Heyl; Wataru Iwakiri; Philip Kaaret; Vladimir Karas; Fabian Kislat; Takao Kitaguchi; Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak; Fabio La Monaca; Luca Latronico; Simone Maldera; Alberto Manfreda; Andrea Marinucci; Giorgio Matt; Ikuyuki Mitsuishi; Fabio Muleri; C. Y. Ng; Stephen L. O’Dell; Chiara Oppedisano; Alessandro Papitto; George G. Pavlov; Melissa Pesce-Rollins; Pierre Olivier Petrucci; Maura Pilia; Andrea Possenti; Brian D. Ramsey; John Rankin; Ajay Ratheesh; Oliver J. Roberts; Roger W. Romani; Carmelo Sgrò; Patrick Slane; Paolo Soffitta; Gloria Spandre; Douglas A. Swartz; Toru Tamagawa; Roberto Taverna; Yuzuru Tawara; Allyn F. Tennant; Nicholas E. Thomas; Francesco Tombesi; Alessio Trois; Sergey S. Tsygankov; Roberto Turolla; Jacco Vink; Martin C. Weisskopf; Kinwah Wu; Fei Xie; Silvia Zane

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad5671

Observations of Low and Intermediate Spectral Peak Blazars with the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer

Herman L. Marshall, Ioannis Liodakis, Alan P. Marscher, Niccolò Di Lalla, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Dawoon E. Kim, Riccardo Middei, Michela Negro, Nicola Omodei, Abel L. Peirson, Matteo Perri, Simonetta Puccetti, Marco Laurenti, Iván Agudo, Giacomo Bonnoli, Andrei V. Berdyugin, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Nicole Rodriguez Cavero, Immacolata Donnarumma, Laura Di GesuJenni Jormanainen, Henric Krawczynski, Elina Lindfors, Greg Madjeski, Frédéric Marin, Francesco Massaro, Luigi Pacciani, Juri Poutanen, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Pouya M. Kouch, Francisco José Aceituno, Maria I. Bernardos, Víctor Casanova, Maya García-Comas, Beatriz Agís-González, César Husillos, Alessandro Marchini, Alfredo Sota, Dmitry Blinov, Ioakeim G. Bourbah, Sebastian Kielhmann, Evangelos Kontopodis, Nikos Mandarakas, Stylianos Romanopoulos, Raphael Skalidis, Anna Vervelaki, George A. Borman, Evgenia N. Kopatskaya, Elena G. Larionova, Daria A. Morozova, Sergey S. Savchenko, Andrey A. Vasilyev, Alexey V. Zhovtan, Carolina Casadio, Juan Escudero, Joana Kramer, Ioannis Myserlis, Efthalia Trainou, Ryo Imazawa, Mahito Sasada, Yasushi Fukazawa, Koji S. Kawabata, Makoto Uemura, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Tatsuya Nakaoka, Hiroshi Akitaya, Joseph R. Masiero, Dimitri Mawet, Georgia V. Panopoulou, Samaporn Tinyanont, Masato Kagitani, Vadim Kravtsov, Takeshi Sakanoi, Matthew Dattolo, Mark Gurwell, Garrett Keating, Ramprasad Rao, Whee Yeon Cheong, Hyeon Woo Jeong, Sincheol Kang, Sang Hyun Kim, Sang Sung Lee, Emmanouil Angelakis, Alexander Kraus, Antonio Hales, Seiji Kameno, Ruediger Kneissl, Hugo Messias, Hiroshi Nagai, Lucio A. Antonelli, Matteo Bachetti, Luca Baldini, Wayne H. Baumgartner, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Stefano Bianchi, Stephen D. Bongiorno, Raffaella Bonino, Alessandro Brez, Niccolò Bucciantini, Fiamma Capitanio, Simone Castellano, Chen Ting Chen, Stefano Ciprini, Enrico Costa, Alessandra De Rosa, Ettore Del Monte, Alessandro Di Marco, Victor Doroshenko, Michal Dovčiak, Steven R. Ehlert, Teruaki Enoto, Yuri Evangelista, Sergio Fabiani, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, Javier A. Garcia, Shuichi Gunji, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Jeremy Heyl, Wataru Iwakiri, Philip Kaaret, Vladimir Karas, Fabian Kislat, Takao Kitaguchi, Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, Fabio La Monaca, Luca Latronico, Simone Maldera, Alberto Manfreda, Andrea Marinucci, Giorgio Matt, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Fabio Muleri, C. Y. Ng, Stephen L. O’Dell, Chiara Oppedisano, Alessandro Papitto, George G. Pavlov, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Pierre Olivier Petrucci, Maura Pilia, Andrea Possenti, Brian D. Ramsey, John Rankin, Ajay Ratheesh, Oliver J. Roberts, Roger W. Romani, Carmelo Sgrò, Patrick Slane, Paolo Soffitta, Gloria Spandre, Douglas A. Swartz, Toru Tamagawa, Roberto Taverna, Yuzuru Tawara, Allyn F. Tennant, Nicholas E. Thomas, Francesco Tombesi, Alessio Trois, Sergey S. Tsygankov, Roberto Turolla, Jacco Vink, Martin C. Weisskopf, Kinwah Wu, Fei Xie, Silvia Zane

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Abstract

We present X-ray polarimetry observations from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) of three low spectral peak and one intermediate spectral peak blazars, namely 3C 273, 3C 279, 3C 454.3, and S5 0716+714. For none of these objects was IXPE able to detect X-ray polarization at the 3σ level. However, we placed upper limits on the polarization degree at ∼10%-30%. The undetected polarizations favor models where the X-ray band is dominated by unpolarized photons upscattered by relativistic electrons in the jets of blazars, although hadronic models are not completely eliminated. We discuss the X-ray polarization upper limits in the context of our contemporaneous multiwavelength polarization campaigns.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	74
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	972
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad5671
State	Published - Sep 1 2024

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.3847/1538-4357/ad5671

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Marshall, H. L., Liodakis, I., Marscher, A. P., Di Lalla, N., Jorstad, S. G., Kim, D. E., Middei, R., Negro, M., Omodei, N., Peirson, A. L., Perri, M., Puccetti, S., Laurenti, M., Agudo, I., Bonnoli, G., Berdyugin, A. V., Cavazzuti, E., Rodriguez Cavero, N., Donnarumma, I., ... Zane, S. (2024). Observations of Low and Intermediate Spectral Peak Blazars with the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer. Astrophysical Journal, 972(1), Article 74. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad5671

@article{523cbe4120c74eb6b0cdedbf90d659d3,

title = "Observations of Low and Intermediate Spectral Peak Blazars with the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer",

abstract = "We present X-ray polarimetry observations from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) of three low spectral peak and one intermediate spectral peak blazars, namely 3C 273, 3C 279, 3C 454.3, and S5 0716+714. For none of these objects was IXPE able to detect X-ray polarization at the 3σ level. However, we placed upper limits on the polarization degree at ∼10%-30%. The undetected polarizations favor models where the X-ray band is dominated by unpolarized photons upscattered by relativistic electrons in the jets of blazars, although hadronic models are not completely eliminated. We discuss the X-ray polarization upper limits in the context of our contemporaneous multiwavelength polarization campaigns.",

author = "Marshall, {Herman L.} and Ioannis Liodakis and Marscher, {Alan P.} and {Di Lalla}, Niccol{\`o} and Jorstad, {Svetlana G.} and Kim, {Dawoon E.} and Riccardo Middei and Michela Negro and Nicola Omodei and Peirson, {Abel L.} and Matteo Perri and Simonetta Puccetti and Marco Laurenti and Iv{\'a}n Agudo and Giacomo Bonnoli and Berdyugin, {Andrei V.} and Elisabetta Cavazzuti and {Rodriguez Cavero}, Nicole and Immacolata Donnarumma and {Di Gesu}, Laura and Jenni Jormanainen and Henric Krawczynski and Elina Lindfors and Greg Madjeski and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Marin and Francesco Massaro and Luigi Pacciani and Juri Poutanen and Fabrizio Tavecchio and Kouch, {Pouya M.} and Aceituno, {Francisco Jos{\'e}} and Bernardos, {Maria I.} and V{\'i}ctor Casanova and Maya Garc{\'i}a-Comas and Beatriz Ag{\'i}s-Gonz{\'a}lez and C{\'e}sar Husillos and Alessandro Marchini and Alfredo Sota and Dmitry Blinov and Bourbah, {Ioakeim G.} and Sebastian Kielhmann and Evangelos Kontopodis and Nikos Mandarakas and Stylianos Romanopoulos and Raphael Skalidis and Anna Vervelaki and Borman, {George A.} and Kopatskaya, {Evgenia N.} and Larionova, {Elena G.} and Morozova, {Daria A.} and Savchenko, {Sergey S.} and Vasilyev, {Andrey A.} and Zhovtan, {Alexey V.} and Carolina Casadio and Juan Escudero and Joana Kramer and Ioannis Myserlis and Efthalia Trainou and Ryo Imazawa and Mahito Sasada and Yasushi Fukazawa and Kawabata, {Koji S.} and Makoto Uemura and Tsunefumi Mizuno and Tatsuya Nakaoka and Hiroshi Akitaya and Masiero, {Joseph R.} and Dimitri Mawet and Panopoulou, {Georgia V.} and Samaporn Tinyanont and Masato Kagitani and Vadim Kravtsov and Takeshi Sakanoi and Matthew Dattolo and Mark Gurwell and Garrett Keating and Ramprasad Rao and Cheong, {Whee Yeon} and Jeong, {Hyeon Woo} and Sincheol Kang and Kim, {Sang Hyun} and Lee, {Sang Sung} and Emmanouil Angelakis and Alexander Kraus and Antonio Hales and Seiji Kameno and Ruediger Kneissl and Hugo Messias and Hiroshi Nagai and Antonelli, {Lucio A.} and Matteo Bachetti and Luca Baldini and Baumgartner, {Wayne H.} and Ronaldo Bellazzini and Stefano Bianchi and Bongiorno, {Stephen D.} and Raffaella Bonino and Alessandro Brez and Niccol{\`o} Bucciantini and Fiamma Capitanio and Simone Castellano and Chen, {Chen Ting} and Stefano Ciprini and Enrico Costa and {De Rosa}, Alessandra and {Del Monte}, Ettore and {Di Marco}, Alessandro and Victor Doroshenko and Michal Dov{\v c}iak and Ehlert, {Steven R.} and Teruaki Enoto and Yuri Evangelista and Sergio Fabiani and Riccardo Ferrazzoli and Garcia, {Javier A.} and Shuichi Gunji and Kiyoshi Hayashida and Jeremy Heyl and Wataru Iwakiri and Philip Kaaret and Vladimir Karas and Fabian Kislat and Takao Kitaguchi and Kolodziejczak, {Jeffery J.} and {La Monaca}, Fabio and Luca Latronico and Simone Maldera and Alberto Manfreda and Andrea Marinucci and Giorgio Matt and Ikuyuki Mitsuishi and Fabio Muleri and Ng, {C. Y.} and O{\textquoteright}Dell, {Stephen L.} and Chiara Oppedisano and Alessandro Papitto and Pavlov, {George G.} and Melissa Pesce-Rollins and Petrucci, {Pierre Olivier} and Maura Pilia and Andrea Possenti and Ramsey, {Brian D.} and John Rankin and Ajay Ratheesh and Roberts, {Oliver J.} and Romani, {Roger W.} and Carmelo Sgr{\`o} and Patrick Slane and Paolo Soffitta and Gloria Spandre and Swartz, {Douglas A.} and Toru Tamagawa and Roberto Taverna and Yuzuru Tawara and Tennant, {Allyn F.} and Thomas, {Nicholas E.} and Francesco Tombesi and Alessio Trois and Tsygankov, {Sergey S.} and Roberto Turolla and Jacco Vink and Weisskopf, {Martin C.} and Kinwah Wu and Fei Xie and Silvia Zane",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2024",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ad5671",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "972",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "1",

}

Marshall, HL, Liodakis, I, Marscher, AP, Di Lalla, N, Jorstad, SG, Kim, DE, Middei, R, Negro, M, Omodei, N, Peirson, AL, Perri, M, Puccetti, S, Laurenti, M, Agudo, I, Bonnoli, G, Berdyugin, AV, Cavazzuti, E, Rodriguez Cavero, N, Donnarumma, I, Di Gesu, L, Jormanainen, J, Krawczynski, H, Lindfors, E, Madjeski, G, Marin, F, Massaro, F, Pacciani, L, Poutanen, J, Tavecchio, F, Kouch, PM, Aceituno, FJ, Bernardos, MI, Casanova, V, García-Comas, M, Agís-González, B, Husillos, C, Marchini, A, Sota, A, Blinov, D, Bourbah, IG, Kielhmann, S, Kontopodis, E, Mandarakas, N, Romanopoulos, S, Skalidis, R, Vervelaki, A, Borman, GA, Kopatskaya, EN, Larionova, EG, Morozova, DA, Savchenko, SS, Vasilyev, AA, Zhovtan, AV, Casadio, C, Escudero, J, Kramer, J, Myserlis, I, Trainou, E, Imazawa, R, Sasada, M, Fukazawa, Y, Kawabata, KS, Uemura, M, Mizuno, T, Nakaoka, T, Akitaya, H, Masiero, JR, Mawet, D, Panopoulou, GV, Tinyanont, S, Kagitani, M, Kravtsov, V, Sakanoi, T, Dattolo, M, Gurwell, M, Keating, G, Rao, R, Cheong, WY, Jeong, HW, Kang, S, Kim, SH, Lee, SS, Angelakis, E, Kraus, A, Hales, A, Kameno, S, Kneissl, R, Messias, H, Nagai, H, Antonelli, LA, Bachetti, M, Baldini, L, Baumgartner, WH, Bellazzini, R, Bianchi, S, Bongiorno, SD, Bonino, R, Brez, A, Bucciantini, N, Capitanio, F, Castellano, S, Chen, CT, Ciprini, S, Costa, E, De Rosa, A, Del Monte, E, Di Marco, A, Doroshenko, V, Dovčiak, M, Ehlert, SR, Enoto, T, Evangelista, Y, Fabiani, S, Ferrazzoli, R, Garcia, JA, Gunji, S, Hayashida, K, Heyl, J, Iwakiri, W, Kaaret, P, Karas, V, Kislat, F, Kitaguchi, T, Kolodziejczak, JJ, La Monaca, F, Latronico, L, Maldera, S, Manfreda, A, Marinucci, A, Matt, G, Mitsuishi, I, Muleri, F, Ng, CY, O’Dell, SL, Oppedisano, C, Papitto, A, Pavlov, GG, Pesce-Rollins, M, Petrucci, PO, Pilia, M, Possenti, A, Ramsey, BD, Rankin, J, Ratheesh, A, Roberts, OJ, Romani, RW, Sgrò, C, Slane, P, Soffitta, P, Spandre, G, Swartz, DA, Tamagawa, T, Taverna, R, Tawara, Y, Tennant, AF, Thomas, NE, Tombesi, F, Trois, A, Tsygankov, SS, Turolla, R, Vink, J, Weisskopf, MC, Wu, K, Xie, F & Zane, S 2024, 'Observations of Low and Intermediate Spectral Peak Blazars with the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 972, no. 1, 74. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad5671

TY - JOUR

T1 - Observations of Low and Intermediate Spectral Peak Blazars with the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer

AU - Marshall, Herman L.

AU - Liodakis, Ioannis

AU - Marscher, Alan P.

AU - Di Lalla, Niccolò

AU - Jorstad, Svetlana G.

AU - Kim, Dawoon E.

AU - Middei, Riccardo

AU - Negro, Michela

AU - Omodei, Nicola

AU - Peirson, Abel L.

AU - Perri, Matteo

AU - Puccetti, Simonetta

AU - Laurenti, Marco

AU - Agudo, Iván

AU - Bonnoli, Giacomo

AU - Berdyugin, Andrei V.

AU - Cavazzuti, Elisabetta

AU - Rodriguez Cavero, Nicole

AU - Donnarumma, Immacolata

AU - Di Gesu, Laura

AU - Jormanainen, Jenni

AU - Krawczynski, Henric

AU - Lindfors, Elina

AU - Madjeski, Greg

AU - Marin, Frédéric

AU - Massaro, Francesco

AU - Pacciani, Luigi

AU - Poutanen, Juri

AU - Tavecchio, Fabrizio

AU - Kouch, Pouya M.

AU - Aceituno, Francisco José

AU - Bernardos, Maria I.

AU - Casanova, Víctor

AU - García-Comas, Maya

AU - Agís-González, Beatriz

AU - Husillos, César

AU - Marchini, Alessandro

AU - Sota, Alfredo

AU - Blinov, Dmitry

AU - Bourbah, Ioakeim G.

AU - Kielhmann, Sebastian

AU - Kontopodis, Evangelos

AU - Mandarakas, Nikos

AU - Romanopoulos, Stylianos

AU - Skalidis, Raphael

AU - Vervelaki, Anna

AU - Borman, George A.

AU - Kopatskaya, Evgenia N.

AU - Larionova, Elena G.

AU - Morozova, Daria A.

AU - Savchenko, Sergey S.

AU - Vasilyev, Andrey A.

AU - Zhovtan, Alexey V.

AU - Casadio, Carolina

AU - Escudero, Juan

AU - Kramer, Joana

AU - Myserlis, Ioannis

AU - Trainou, Efthalia

AU - Imazawa, Ryo

AU - Sasada, Mahito

AU - Fukazawa, Yasushi

AU - Kawabata, Koji S.

AU - Uemura, Makoto

AU - Mizuno, Tsunefumi

AU - Nakaoka, Tatsuya

AU - Akitaya, Hiroshi

AU - Masiero, Joseph R.

AU - Mawet, Dimitri

AU - Panopoulou, Georgia V.

AU - Tinyanont, Samaporn

AU - Kagitani, Masato

AU - Kravtsov, Vadim

AU - Sakanoi, Takeshi

AU - Dattolo, Matthew

AU - Gurwell, Mark

AU - Keating, Garrett

AU - Rao, Ramprasad

AU - Cheong, Whee Yeon

AU - Jeong, Hyeon Woo

AU - Kang, Sincheol

AU - Kim, Sang Hyun

AU - Lee, Sang Sung

AU - Angelakis, Emmanouil

AU - Kraus, Alexander

AU - Hales, Antonio

AU - Kameno, Seiji

AU - Kneissl, Ruediger

AU - Messias, Hugo

AU - Nagai, Hiroshi

AU - Antonelli, Lucio A.

AU - Bachetti, Matteo

AU - Baldini, Luca

AU - Baumgartner, Wayne H.

AU - Bellazzini, Ronaldo

AU - Bianchi, Stefano

AU - Bongiorno, Stephen D.

AU - Bonino, Raffaella

AU - Brez, Alessandro

AU - Bucciantini, Niccolò

AU - Capitanio, Fiamma

AU - Castellano, Simone

AU - Chen, Chen Ting

AU - Ciprini, Stefano

AU - Costa, Enrico

AU - De Rosa, Alessandra

AU - Del Monte, Ettore

AU - Di Marco, Alessandro

AU - Doroshenko, Victor

AU - Dovčiak, Michal

AU - Ehlert, Steven R.

AU - Enoto, Teruaki

AU - Evangelista, Yuri

AU - Fabiani, Sergio

AU - Ferrazzoli, Riccardo

AU - Garcia, Javier A.

AU - Gunji, Shuichi

AU - Hayashida, Kiyoshi

AU - Heyl, Jeremy

AU - Iwakiri, Wataru

AU - Kaaret, Philip

AU - Karas, Vladimir

AU - Kislat, Fabian

AU - Kitaguchi, Takao

AU - Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.

AU - La Monaca, Fabio

AU - Latronico, Luca

AU - Maldera, Simone

AU - Manfreda, Alberto

AU - Marinucci, Andrea

AU - Matt, Giorgio

AU - Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki

AU - Muleri, Fabio

AU - Ng, C. Y.

AU - O’Dell, Stephen L.

AU - Oppedisano, Chiara

AU - Papitto, Alessandro

AU - Pavlov, George G.

AU - Pesce-Rollins, Melissa

AU - Petrucci, Pierre Olivier

AU - Pilia, Maura

AU - Possenti, Andrea

AU - Ramsey, Brian D.

AU - Rankin, John

AU - Ratheesh, Ajay

AU - Roberts, Oliver J.

AU - Romani, Roger W.

AU - Sgrò, Carmelo

AU - Slane, Patrick

AU - Soffitta, Paolo

AU - Spandre, Gloria

AU - Swartz, Douglas A.

AU - Tamagawa, Toru

AU - Taverna, Roberto

AU - Tawara, Yuzuru

AU - Tennant, Allyn F.

AU - Thomas, Nicholas E.

AU - Tombesi, Francesco

AU - Trois, Alessio

AU - Tsygankov, Sergey S.

AU - Turolla, Roberto

AU - Vink, Jacco

AU - Weisskopf, Martin C.

AU - Wu, Kinwah

AU - Xie, Fei

AU - Zane, Silvia

PY - 2024/9/1

Y1 - 2024/9/1

N2 - We present X-ray polarimetry observations from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) of three low spectral peak and one intermediate spectral peak blazars, namely 3C 273, 3C 279, 3C 454.3, and S5 0716+714. For none of these objects was IXPE able to detect X-ray polarization at the 3σ level. However, we placed upper limits on the polarization degree at ∼10%-30%. The undetected polarizations favor models where the X-ray band is dominated by unpolarized photons upscattered by relativistic electrons in the jets of blazars, although hadronic models are not completely eliminated. We discuss the X-ray polarization upper limits in the context of our contemporaneous multiwavelength polarization campaigns.

AB - We present X-ray polarimetry observations from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) of three low spectral peak and one intermediate spectral peak blazars, namely 3C 273, 3C 279, 3C 454.3, and S5 0716+714. For none of these objects was IXPE able to detect X-ray polarization at the 3σ level. However, we placed upper limits on the polarization degree at ∼10%-30%. The undetected polarizations favor models where the X-ray band is dominated by unpolarized photons upscattered by relativistic electrons in the jets of blazars, although hadronic models are not completely eliminated. We discuss the X-ray polarization upper limits in the context of our contemporaneous multiwavelength polarization campaigns.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85202795107&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85202795107&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ad5671

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ad5671

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85202795107

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 972

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 74

ER -

Observations of Low and Intermediate Spectral Peak Blazars with the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer

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