Office-based treatment of thyroid nodules

Innovations in thyroid nodule evaluation and office-based interventions have significantly transformed patient care over the past several decades. This review provides an overview of advancements in managing indeterminate biopsies with molecular assays, indications for surgical intervention and emerging in-office ablative techniques. It includes a summary of percutaneous ethanol injection and radiofrequency ablation procedural techniques, risks and complications. Practitioners aiming to utilize these techniques must be trained in head and neck ultrasonography and hands-on procedural training. With advancing technology and research, these non-surgical modalities are increasingly being recognized as effective treatments for thyroid nodules.