TY - JOUR
T1 - Olfactory dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis
T2 - A scoping review of the literature
AU - Lucassen, Elisabeth
AU - Turel, Anthony
AU - Knehans, Amy
AU - Huang, Xuemei
AU - Eslinger, Paul
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PY - 2016/3/1
Y1 - 2016/3/1
N2 - Objective Olfactory dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been reported, but results have been inconsistent. In this review we describe, synthesize, and interpret the existing literature on olfactory dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis and identify gaps in the current level of knowledge. Methods The study design was a scoping review of the literature covering several study designs. Systematic Searches of the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO? and Google Scholar databases were conducted that included key words related to Multiple Sclerosis and Olfaction Disorders. Literature that met the criteria of pertaining to both Multiple Sclerosis and olfactory dysfunction was identified, with the aim of providing an overview of the extent and types of research available in this area. Results Sixty-one reports were identified in the initial search, with 40 meeting the study criteria. Twenty-five clinical studies were included. Among them, 23 studies measured for olfactory dysfunction in MS patients, ten evaluated MRI correlates of olfactory dysfunction, and five evaluated neurophysiology correlates of olfactory dysfunction. Six of the included studies were abstracts. In addition, thirteen reviews/commentaries and two case studies were included. The majority of the studies identified some degree of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients, and various aspects and correlations with olfactory impairment were observed. Conclusions The overall weight of the literature suggests that olfactory dysfunction may occur in MS. Although there is variability in reported frequency, the more robust studies suggest the prevalence is significant, ranging from 20% to 45% in the MS population. Despite this, the mechanisms are unknown and the clinical relevance of this association has not been well explored. Interesting findings relating mood disorders, cognition, and olfactory dysfunction in MS are also suggested but remain poorly developed and require further investigation. Future studies are also warranted to understand the dynamic changes in olfactory function during the course of MS, and to correlate olfactory function with relapses/disease activity.
AB - Objective Olfactory dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been reported, but results have been inconsistent. In this review we describe, synthesize, and interpret the existing literature on olfactory dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis and identify gaps in the current level of knowledge. Methods The study design was a scoping review of the literature covering several study designs. Systematic Searches of the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO? and Google Scholar databases were conducted that included key words related to Multiple Sclerosis and Olfaction Disorders. Literature that met the criteria of pertaining to both Multiple Sclerosis and olfactory dysfunction was identified, with the aim of providing an overview of the extent and types of research available in this area. Results Sixty-one reports were identified in the initial search, with 40 meeting the study criteria. Twenty-five clinical studies were included. Among them, 23 studies measured for olfactory dysfunction in MS patients, ten evaluated MRI correlates of olfactory dysfunction, and five evaluated neurophysiology correlates of olfactory dysfunction. Six of the included studies were abstracts. In addition, thirteen reviews/commentaries and two case studies were included. The majority of the studies identified some degree of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients, and various aspects and correlations with olfactory impairment were observed. Conclusions The overall weight of the literature suggests that olfactory dysfunction may occur in MS. Although there is variability in reported frequency, the more robust studies suggest the prevalence is significant, ranging from 20% to 45% in the MS population. Despite this, the mechanisms are unknown and the clinical relevance of this association has not been well explored. Interesting findings relating mood disorders, cognition, and olfactory dysfunction in MS are also suggested but remain poorly developed and require further investigation. Future studies are also warranted to understand the dynamic changes in olfactory function during the course of MS, and to correlate olfactory function with relapses/disease activity.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.msard.2015.12.002
DO - 10.1016/j.msard.2015.12.002
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27063616
AN - SCOPUS:84961244564
SN - 2211-0348
VL - 6
SP - 1
EP - 9
JO - Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
JF - Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
ER -