TY - JOUR
T1 - Optimal Charging of Li-Ion Batteries with Coupled Electro-Thermal-Aging Dynamics
AU - Perez, Hector Eduardo
AU - Hu, Xiaosong
AU - Dey, Satadru
AU - Moura, Scott J.
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received March 14, 2016; revised August 25, 2016 and January 6, 2017; accepted February 14, 2017. Date of publication March 1, 2017; date of current version September 15, 2017. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant 1408107. The review of this paper was coordinated by Dr. M. Kazerani. (Corresponding authors: Hector Eduardo Perez and Xiaosong Hu.) H. E. Perez, S. Dey, and S. J. Moura are with the Energy, Controls, and Applications Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA (e-mail: heperez@ berkeley.edu; satadru86@berkeley.edu; smoura@berkeley.edu).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 IEEE.
PY - 2017/9
Y1 - 2017/9
N2 - Fast and safe charging protocols are crucial for enhancing the practicality of batteries, especially for mobile applications, such as smartphones and electric vehicles. This paper proposes an innovative approach to devising optimally health-conscious fast-safe charge protocols. A multiobjective optimal control problem is mathematically formulated via a coupled electro-thermal-aging battery model, where electrical and aging submodels depend upon the core temperature captured by a two-state thermal submodel. The Legendre-Gauss-Radau pseudospectral method with adaptive multi-mesh-interval collocation is employed to solve the resulting highly nonlinear six-state optimal control problem. Charge time and health degradation are, therefore, optimally traded off, subject to both electrical and thermal constraints. Minimum-time, minimum-aging, and balanced charge scenarios are examined in detail. Sensitivities to the upper voltage bound, ambient temperature, and cooling convection resistance are investigated as well. Experimental results are provided to compare the tradeoffs between a balanced and traditional charge protocol.
AB - Fast and safe charging protocols are crucial for enhancing the practicality of batteries, especially for mobile applications, such as smartphones and electric vehicles. This paper proposes an innovative approach to devising optimally health-conscious fast-safe charge protocols. A multiobjective optimal control problem is mathematically formulated via a coupled electro-thermal-aging battery model, where electrical and aging submodels depend upon the core temperature captured by a two-state thermal submodel. The Legendre-Gauss-Radau pseudospectral method with adaptive multi-mesh-interval collocation is employed to solve the resulting highly nonlinear six-state optimal control problem. Charge time and health degradation are, therefore, optimally traded off, subject to both electrical and thermal constraints. Minimum-time, minimum-aging, and balanced charge scenarios are examined in detail. Sensitivities to the upper voltage bound, ambient temperature, and cooling convection resistance are investigated as well. Experimental results are provided to compare the tradeoffs between a balanced and traditional charge protocol.
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U2 - 10.1109/TVT.2017.2676044
DO - 10.1109/TVT.2017.2676044
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85029939907
SN - 0018-9545
VL - 66
SP - 7761
EP - 7770
JO - IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
JF - IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
IS - 9
M1 - 7867072
ER -