Optimization in Parametric Design Thinking: Are New Models Needed?

New theoretical models for design thinking have been proposed in the past when a new technology emerges. For example, models of parametric design thinking were developed to explain differences from design thinking with analog tools. Interacting with increasingly autonomous design tools involving optimization may introduce yet a new type of design thinking. This paper identifies key criteria from historical literature that helped distinguish new design thinking in response to progressions in technology. Then, design behaviors from a recent architectural design study involving optimization with parametric tools are analyzed to consider if these criteria are observed. By comparing the design strategies to the established criteria, we discuss ways in which employing optimization may involve a new form of design thinking. Since optimization represents only partial automation compared to future possibilities with AI, we propose areas for future research to further map design thinking when working with optimization tools and beyond.