Orbital forcing of tropical climate dynamics in the Early Cambrian

According to modern atmospheric circulation models, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), as the Earth's meteorological equator, plays an essential role in the low-latitude hydrologic cycles. The limited availability of high-resolution tropical climate archives, especially from the Early Paleozoic Era, severely limits our understanding of ITCZ migration dynamics in deep time. Here we present high-resolution climate-proxy records (i.e., magnetic susceptibility (MS) and Zirconium/Aluminum (Zr/Al)) from tropical marine sediments of the ∼526-million-year-old Qiongzhusi Formation in South China to investigate the link between orbitally forced insolation changes, ITCZ migration dynamics, and low-latitude climate processes. These orbital-scale variations in MS and Zr/Al series are interpreted as alternations between wet and dry cycles, controlled by monsoon intensity under the orbitally forced ITCZ-related paleo-Hadley Cell dynamics. Our results show that combined precession and obliquity orbital cycles had an impact on the Early Cambrian ITCZ migration. Specifically, the precession and obliquity forcing shift the mean position of the ITCZ latitudinally by changing the interhemispheric pressure contrasts, thus affecting the low latitude hydroclimate cycle. We report semi-precession cycles of 8.3–7.9 kyr, which were probably associated with the twice-annual passage of the ITCZ across the intertropical zone, consistent with the paleogeographical location of South China near the equator during the Early Cambrian. Observed ∼1.1 – ∼1.5 Myr eccentricity amplitude modulation (AM) cycles and ∼ 1.0 – ∼1.2 Myr obliquity AM cycles may provide geological evidence for the chaotic motion between Earth and Mars in the Early Cambrian.