TY - JOUR
T1 - Overcoming calcium catalysis during the thermal reactivation of granular activated carbon
T2 - Part II. Variation of steam-curing reactivation parameters
AU - Mazyck, David W.
AU - Cannon, Fred S.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding came in part from The Ben Franklin Technology Program (Robert Booz, coordinator), the American Water Works Service Company (Richard H. Moser and Harish Arora, coordinators), the American Commonwealth Management Services Company (J. Stephen Schmidt, coordinator), and the Ford Minority Fellowship program. The interpretations herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the above-listed entities.
PY - 2002/3
Y1 - 2002/3
N2 - In order to overcome the deleterious effects of calcium catalysis during thermal reactivation, the authors have developed a methodology for first steam-curing spent GAC at 548-748 K, and then ramping the furnace temperature to 1023-1223 K while exposing the GAC to flowing N2. In this article, the authors evaluated the influence of an array of parameters on the steam-curing plus ramped-temperature protocol that included curing time, curing temperature, ramped-to temperature and steam flow rate. Pore size distribution (PSD) measurements employed the density functional theory (DFT), and these revealed that the steam-curing time had the greatest influence on pore size distribution: increasing the steam-curing time from 15 to 60 min increased the <500 Å cumulative pore volume by ca. 10% and the 5.4 to 32 Å pore volume by ca. 12%. Several of the other process parameters exhibited only a slight effect on PSD. Furthermore, a spent GAC that first experienced the steam-curing and ramped-temperature protocol and then experienced acid washing had identical micropore volume as a spent GAC that first experienced acid washing and then experienced conventional reactivation. This confirmed that the steam-curing protocol overcame calcium catalysis and its destruction of microporosity.
AB - In order to overcome the deleterious effects of calcium catalysis during thermal reactivation, the authors have developed a methodology for first steam-curing spent GAC at 548-748 K, and then ramping the furnace temperature to 1023-1223 K while exposing the GAC to flowing N2. In this article, the authors evaluated the influence of an array of parameters on the steam-curing plus ramped-temperature protocol that included curing time, curing temperature, ramped-to temperature and steam flow rate. Pore size distribution (PSD) measurements employed the density functional theory (DFT), and these revealed that the steam-curing time had the greatest influence on pore size distribution: increasing the steam-curing time from 15 to 60 min increased the <500 Å cumulative pore volume by ca. 10% and the 5.4 to 32 Å pore volume by ca. 12%. Several of the other process parameters exhibited only a slight effect on PSD. Furthermore, a spent GAC that first experienced the steam-curing and ramped-temperature protocol and then experienced acid washing had identical micropore volume as a spent GAC that first experienced acid washing and then experienced conventional reactivation. This confirmed that the steam-curing protocol overcame calcium catalysis and its destruction of microporosity.
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U2 - 10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00091-4
DO - 10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00091-4
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0036497915
SN - 0008-6223
VL - 40
SP - 241
EP - 252
JO - Carbon
JF - Carbon
IS - 3
ER -