TY - JOUR
T1 - Overview of hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries
T2 - Influencing factors and strategies to extend slope and plateau regions
AU - Huang, Gang
AU - Zhang, Hao
AU - Gao, Fan
AU - Zhang, Dingyue
AU - Zhang, Ziqiang
AU - Liu, Yong
AU - Shang, Zhoutai
AU - Gao, Caiqin
AU - Luo, Longbo
AU - Terrones, Mauricio
AU - Wang, Yanqing
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2024/9
Y1 - 2024/9
N2 - Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising choices for future large-scale energy storage systems due to their abundant sodium source and similar advantages to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the successful commercialization of SIBs predominantly relies on the progress in advanced anode material development. Hard carbon has received much attention as a promising anode material for energy storage systems because of its low cost, abundant source and high capacity. Based on the investigations regarding Na+ storage, the charge-discharge curve of hard carbon can be usually divided into two parts: the slope region at high voltage (>0.1 V vs. Na+/Na) and the plateau region (<0.1 V vs. Na+/Na) at low voltage. Both regions are closely related to the overall electrochemical performance of SIBs. Herein, we thoroughly explore the contributing factors that influence the slope and plateau regions of hard carbon and provide a comprehensive summary of the strategies used to extend the slope/plateau region, including heteroatom doping, pore structure design, interlayer space as well as electrolyte system. This review offers deep insights into the strategies of achieving high-performance hard carbon electrodes, which present promising opportunities for the development of next-generation sustainable batteries beyond LIBs.
AB - Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising choices for future large-scale energy storage systems due to their abundant sodium source and similar advantages to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the successful commercialization of SIBs predominantly relies on the progress in advanced anode material development. Hard carbon has received much attention as a promising anode material for energy storage systems because of its low cost, abundant source and high capacity. Based on the investigations regarding Na+ storage, the charge-discharge curve of hard carbon can be usually divided into two parts: the slope region at high voltage (>0.1 V vs. Na+/Na) and the plateau region (<0.1 V vs. Na+/Na) at low voltage. Both regions are closely related to the overall electrochemical performance of SIBs. Herein, we thoroughly explore the contributing factors that influence the slope and plateau regions of hard carbon and provide a comprehensive summary of the strategies used to extend the slope/plateau region, including heteroatom doping, pore structure design, interlayer space as well as electrolyte system. This review offers deep insights into the strategies of achieving high-performance hard carbon electrodes, which present promising opportunities for the development of next-generation sustainable batteries beyond LIBs.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119354
DO - 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119354
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85196311551
SN - 0008-6223
VL - 228
JO - Carbon
JF - Carbon
M1 - 119354
ER -