@inproceedings{ccf3952b69ef4777b77af1ec071b1b8a,
title = "Password exhaustion: Predicting the end of password usefulness",
abstract = "Passwords are currently the dominant authentication mechanism in computing systems. However, users are unwilling or unable to retain passwords with a large amount of entropy. This reality is exacerbated by the increasing ability of systems to mount offline attacks. In this paper, we evaluate the degree to which the previous statements are true and attempt to ascertain the point at which passwords are no longer sufficient to securely mediate authentication. In order to demonstrate this, we develop an analytical model for computation to understand the time required to recover random passwords. Further, an empirical study suggests the situation is much worse. In fact, we found that past systems vulnerable to offline attacks will be obsolete in 5-15 years, and our study suggests that a large number of these systems are already obsolete. We conclude that we must discard or fundamentally change these systems, and to that effect, we suggest a number of ways to prevent offline attacks.",
author = "{St. Clair}, Luke and Lisa Johansen and William Enck and Matthew Pirretti and Patrick Traynor and Patrick McDaniel and Trent Jaeger",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006.; 2nd International Conference on Information Systems Security, ICISS 2006 ; Conference date: 19-12-2006 Through 21-12-2006",
year = "2006",
doi = "10.1007/11961635_3",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "9783540689621",
series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
pages = "37--55",
editor = "Aditya Bagchi and Vijayalakshmi Atluri",
booktitle = "Information Systems Security - 2nd International Conference, ICISS 2006, Proceedings",
address = "Germany",
}