Paternity and hormone levels after unilateral cryptorchidism: Association with pretreatment testicular location

Purpose: We determined differences in paternity and levels of the hormones inhibin B, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone and free testosterone based on the preoperative location of the undescended testis in men with previous unilateral cryptorchidism. Materials and Methods: Testicular location was determined by a review of the medical records and paternity or attempted paternity using a detailed questionnaire administered to 320 men with previous unilateral cryptorchidism. In 103 cases we performed semen analysis and measured the levels of the hormones inhibin B, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone and free testosterone. Paternity, sperm count and hormonal parameters were compared with cryptorchid testicular location using analysis of variance and chi-square analysis. Logistic regression was done to analyze pretreatment testicular location as a risk factor for infertility. Results: Paternity, duration of attempted conception in men who achieved paternity, sperm count and hormone levels did not differ based on pretreatment abdominal, internal ring, inguinal canal, external ring, upper scrotum or ectopic testicular location. The overall paternity rate was 90% with the lowest rate of 83.3% in the abdominal group. More than 12 months were required to achieve conception in 28.9% of the study group overall and in 39.4% of the abdominal group. Varicocele and a partner with fertility problems were risk factors for infertility, while abdominal testicular location caused borderline significant risk. Conclusions: Preoperative testicular location in men with previous unilateral cryptorchidism is not a major determinant of fertility according to paternity, sperm count or hormone levels.