TY - JOUR
T1 - Pathways to zoonotic spillover
AU - Plowright, Raina K.
AU - Parrish, Colin R.
AU - McCallum, Hamish
AU - Hudson, Peter J.
AU - Ko, Albert I.
AU - Graham, Andrea L.
AU - Lloyd-Smith, James O.
N1 - Funding Information:
R.K.P. is supported by the US National Institutes of General Medical Sciences IDeA Program (grants P20GM103474 and P30GM110732), P. Thye, the Morris Animal Foundation, Montana University System Research Initiative (grant 51040-MUSRI2015-03), a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Young Faculty Award and the US Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP; grant RC-2633). J.O.L.-S. is supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF; grants OCE-1335657 and DEB-1557022) and the US Department of Defense SERDP (grant RC-2635). J.O.L.-S., A.L.G. and P.J.H. are supported by the RAPIDD program of the Science & Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security, the Fogarty International Center (part of the US National Institutes of Health), and by IDEAS (Infectious Disease Evolution Across Scales), which is a Research Coordination Network (DEB-1354890) funded by the US National Science Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.
PY - 2017/8/1
Y1 - 2017/8/1
N2 - Zoonotic spillover, which is the transmission of a pathogen from a vertebrate animal to a human, presents a global public health burden but is a poorly understood phenomenon. Zoonotic spillover requires several factors to align, including the ecological, epidemiological and behavioural determinants of pathogen exposure, and the within-human factors that affect susceptibility to infection. In this Opinion article, we propose a synthetic framework for animal-to-human transmission that integrates the relevant mechanisms. This framework reveals that all zoonotic pathogens must overcome a hierarchical series of barriers to cause spillover infections in humans. Understanding how these barriers are functionally and quantitatively linked, and how they interact in space and time, will substantially improve our ability to predict or prevent spillover events. This work provides a foundation for transdisciplinary investigation of spillover and synthetic theory on zoonotic transmission.
AB - Zoonotic spillover, which is the transmission of a pathogen from a vertebrate animal to a human, presents a global public health burden but is a poorly understood phenomenon. Zoonotic spillover requires several factors to align, including the ecological, epidemiological and behavioural determinants of pathogen exposure, and the within-human factors that affect susceptibility to infection. In this Opinion article, we propose a synthetic framework for animal-to-human transmission that integrates the relevant mechanisms. This framework reveals that all zoonotic pathogens must overcome a hierarchical series of barriers to cause spillover infections in humans. Understanding how these barriers are functionally and quantitatively linked, and how they interact in space and time, will substantially improve our ability to predict or prevent spillover events. This work provides a foundation for transdisciplinary investigation of spillover and synthetic theory on zoonotic transmission.
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U2 - 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.45
DO - 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.45
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28555073
AN - SCOPUS:85023644456
SN - 1740-1526
VL - 15
SP - 502
EP - 510
JO - Nature Reviews Microbiology
JF - Nature Reviews Microbiology
IS - 8
ER -