Pb loss in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics observed by in situ ionic conductivity measurements

Niall J. Donnelly; Clive A. Randall

doi:10.1063/1.3585831

Pb loss in Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ ceramics observed by in situ ionic conductivity measurements

Niall J. Donnelly, Clive A. Randall

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Abstract

Analysis of the impedance spectra of Nb-doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ (PZT) embedded capacitors revealed that the ionic conductivity increased monotonically during annealing at 700 °C. Furthermore, the rate of increase was lowered by a reduction in the ambient pO₂. The results could be explained by a model in which oxygen vacancies are generated as a consequence of Pb evaporation from the PZT. At 700 °C, this process is most likely limited by surface kinetics rather than Pb bulk diffusion. It was shown that the Pb loss could be completely recovered by annealing in a high activity Pb source with a commensurate reduction in oxygen vacancy concentration. The electronic conductivity was predominantly p-type and was relatively unaffected by the Pb loss throughout the course of the experiment.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	104107
Journal	Journal of Applied Physics
Volume	109
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3585831
State	Published - May 15 2011

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

General Physics and Astronomy

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10.1063/1.3585831

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title = "Pb loss in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics observed by in situ ionic conductivity measurements",

abstract = "Analysis of the impedance spectra of Nb-doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) embedded capacitors revealed that the ionic conductivity increased monotonically during annealing at 700 °C. Furthermore, the rate of increase was lowered by a reduction in the ambient pO2. The results could be explained by a model in which oxygen vacancies are generated as a consequence of Pb evaporation from the PZT. At 700 °C, this process is most likely limited by surface kinetics rather than Pb bulk diffusion. It was shown that the Pb loss could be completely recovered by annealing in a high activity Pb source with a commensurate reduction in oxygen vacancy concentration. The electronic conductivity was predominantly p-type and was relatively unaffected by the Pb loss throughout the course of the experiment.",

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AU - Donnelly, Niall J.

AU - Randall, Clive A.

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N2 - Analysis of the impedance spectra of Nb-doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) embedded capacitors revealed that the ionic conductivity increased monotonically during annealing at 700 °C. Furthermore, the rate of increase was lowered by a reduction in the ambient pO2. The results could be explained by a model in which oxygen vacancies are generated as a consequence of Pb evaporation from the PZT. At 700 °C, this process is most likely limited by surface kinetics rather than Pb bulk diffusion. It was shown that the Pb loss could be completely recovered by annealing in a high activity Pb source with a commensurate reduction in oxygen vacancy concentration. The electronic conductivity was predominantly p-type and was relatively unaffected by the Pb loss throughout the course of the experiment.

AB - Analysis of the impedance spectra of Nb-doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) embedded capacitors revealed that the ionic conductivity increased monotonically during annealing at 700 °C. Furthermore, the rate of increase was lowered by a reduction in the ambient pO2. The results could be explained by a model in which oxygen vacancies are generated as a consequence of Pb evaporation from the PZT. At 700 °C, this process is most likely limited by surface kinetics rather than Pb bulk diffusion. It was shown that the Pb loss could be completely recovered by annealing in a high activity Pb source with a commensurate reduction in oxygen vacancy concentration. The electronic conductivity was predominantly p-type and was relatively unaffected by the Pb loss throughout the course of the experiment.

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Pb loss in Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ ceramics observed by in situ ionic conductivity measurements

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