@article{81635ef1ae29441f8cab91d6431db864,
title = "Phase I/IIa safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy trial of NYVAC-Pf7, a poxvectored, multiantigen, multistage vaccine candidate for Plasmodium falciparum malaria",
abstract = "Candidate malaria vaccines have failed to elicit consistently protective immune responses against challenge with Plasmodium falciparum. NYVAC-Pf7, a highly attenuated vaccinia virus with 7 P. falciparum genes inserted into its genome, was tested in a phase I/IIa safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy vaccine trial in human volunteers. Malaria genes inserted into the NYVAC genome encoded proteins from all stages of the parasite's life cycle. Volunteers received three immunizations of two different dosages of NYVAC- Pf7. The vaccine was safe and well tolerated but variably immunogenic. While antibody responses were generally poor, cellular immune responses were detected in >90\% of the volunteers. Of the 35 volunteers challenged with the bite of 5 P. falciparum-infected Anopheles mosquitoes, 1 was completely protected, and there was a significant delay in time to parasite patency in the groups of volunteers who received either the low or high dose of vaccine compared with control volunteers.",
author = "Ockenhouse, \{Christian F.\} and Sun, \{Pei Fang\} and Lanar, \{David E.\} and Wellde, \{Bruce T.\} and \{Ted Hall\}, B. and Kent Kester and Stoute, \{Jose A.\} and Alan Magill and Urszula Krzych and Linda Farley and Wirtz, \{Robert A.\} and Sadoff, \{Jerald C.\} and Kaslow, \{David C.\} and Sanjai Kumar and \{Preston Church\}, \{L. W.\} and Crutcher, \{James M.\} and Benjamin Wizel and Stephen Hoffman and Ajit Lalvani and Hill, \{Adrian V.S.\} and Tine, \{John A.\} and Guito, \{Kenneth P.\} and \{De Taisne\}, Charles and Robin Anders and Toshihiro Horii and Enzo Paoletti and Ballou, \{W. Ripley\}",
note = "Funding Information: Written informed consent was obtained from all volunteers (recruitment of volunteers was noncoercive and in accordance with existing US Army regulations, USAMRDC reg. 70-2, ``Use of Volunteers as Subjects of Research''), and this study was conducted in accordance with guidelines established by and with the approval of the Institutional Review Board of Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Financial support: US Army Medical Research Command. Funding Information: Department of Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC; Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, and Malaria Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; Virogenetics Corp., Troy, New York; Connaught Laboratories, Inc., Swiftwater, Pennsylvania; Pasteur Me{\^A}rieux Connaught, Marcy l'E{\^A}toile, France; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan",
year = "1998",
doi = "10.1086/515331",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "177",
pages = "1664--1673",
journal = "Journal of Infectious Diseases",
issn = "0022-1899",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "6",
}
