Phobic anxiety in 11 nations: Part II. Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures predict national-level variations

W. A. Arrindell; Martin Eisemann; Tian P.S. Oei; Vicente E. Caballo; Ezio Sanavio; Claudio Sica; Nuri Bagés; Lya Feldman; Bárbara Torres; Saburo Iwawaki; Chryse Hatzichristou; Josefina Castro; Gloria Canalda; Adrian Furnham; Jan van der Ende; G. Aguilar; R. Bentall; K. R. Bridges; A. Buchanan; M. G. Calvo; W. R. Crozier; M. Davis; R. J. Edelmann; R. J. Farrer; W. Frindte; T. Gärling; P. Gaszner; R. Gillholm; M. Gustafsson; S. B. Hansson; P. Harris; B. L. Hudson; M. Johnston; J. Kállai; E. Kasielke; J. Kenardy; C. C. Leong; A. Liddell; K. Martín; I. Montgomery; D. L. Palenzuela; D. Pennington; M. Peter; M. J. Pickersgill; L. A. Recinos; J. C. Richards; J. Richter; O. Rydén; M. A. Simón; M. Surman; F. Zaldivar

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2003.11.002

Phobic anxiety in 11 nations: Part II. Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures predict national-level variations

W. A. Arrindell, Martin Eisemann, Tian P.S. Oei, Vicente E. Caballo, Ezio Sanavio, Claudio Sica, Nuri Bagés, Lya Feldman, Bárbara Torres, Saburo Iwawaki, Chryse Hatzichristou, Josefina Castro, Gloria Canalda, Adrian Furnham, Jan van der Ende, G. Aguilar, R. Bentall, K. R. Bridges, A. Buchanan, M. G. CalvoW. R. Crozier, M. Davis, R. J. Edelmann, R. J. Farrer, W. Frindte, T. Gärling, P. Gaszner, R. Gillholm, M. Gustafsson, S. B. Hansson, P. Harris, B. L. Hudson, M. Johnston, J. Kállai, E. Kasielke, J. Kenardy, C. C. Leong, A. Liddell, K. Martín, I. Montgomery, D. L. Palenzuela, D. Pennington, M. Peter, M. J. Pickersgill, L. A. Recinos, J. C. Richards, J. Richter, O. Rydén, M. A. Simón, M. Surman, F. Zaldivar

Penn State New Kensington

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

35 Scopus citations

Abstract

Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures termed Masculinity-Femininity (MAS) and Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) (Hofstede, 2001) are proposed to be of relevance for understanding national-level differences in self-assessed fears. The potential predictive role of national MAS was based on the classical work of Fodor (Fodor, 1974). Following Fodor, it was predicted that masculine (or tough) societies in which clearer differentiations are made between gender roles (high MAS) would report higher national levels of fears than feminine (or soft/modest) societies in which such differentiations are made to a clearly lesser extent (low MAS). In addition, it was anticipated that nervous-stressful-emotionally-expressive nations (high UAI) would report higher national levels of fears than calm-happy and low-emotional countries (low UAI), and that countries high on both MAS and UAI would report the highest national levels of fears. A data set comprising 11 countries (N 5000) served as the basis for analyses. As anticipated, (a) high MAS predicted higher national levels of Agoraphobic fears and of Bodily Injury-Illness-Death fears; (b) higher scores on both UAI and MAS predicted higher national scores on Bodily Injury-Illness-Death fears, fears of Sexual and Aggressive Scenes, and Harmless Animals fears; (c) higher UAI predicted higher national levels of Harmless Animals, Bodily Injury-Illness-Death, and Agoraphobic fears.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	627-643
Number of pages	17
Journal	Personality and Individual Differences
Volume	37
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.11.002
State	Published - Aug 2004

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

General Psychology

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10.1016/j.paid.2003.11.002

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Arrindell, W. A., Eisemann, M., Oei, T. P. S., Caballo, V. E., Sanavio, E., Sica, C., Bagés, N., Feldman, L., Torres, B., Iwawaki, S., Hatzichristou, C., Castro, J., Canalda, G., Furnham, A., van der Ende, J., Aguilar, G., Bentall, R., Bridges, K. R., Buchanan, A., ... Zaldivar, F. (2004). Phobic anxiety in 11 nations: Part II. Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures predict national-level variations. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(3), 627-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.11.002

@article{6c61d0f913504e968d89e30885d793c9,

title = "Phobic anxiety in 11 nations: Part II. Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures predict national-level variations",

abstract = "Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures termed Masculinity-Femininity (MAS) and Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) (Hofstede, 2001) are proposed to be of relevance for understanding national-level differences in self-assessed fears. The potential predictive role of national MAS was based on the classical work of Fodor (Fodor, 1974). Following Fodor, it was predicted that masculine (or tough) societies in which clearer differentiations are made between gender roles (high MAS) would report higher national levels of fears than feminine (or soft/modest) societies in which such differentiations are made to a clearly lesser extent (low MAS). In addition, it was anticipated that nervous-stressful-emotionally-expressive nations (high UAI) would report higher national levels of fears than calm-happy and low-emotional countries (low UAI), and that countries high on both MAS and UAI would report the highest national levels of fears. A data set comprising 11 countries (N 5000) served as the basis for analyses. As anticipated, (a) high MAS predicted higher national levels of Agoraphobic fears and of Bodily Injury-Illness-Death fears; (b) higher scores on both UAI and MAS predicted higher national scores on Bodily Injury-Illness-Death fears, fears of Sexual and Aggressive Scenes, and Harmless Animals fears; (c) higher UAI predicted higher national levels of Harmless Animals, Bodily Injury-Illness-Death, and Agoraphobic fears.",

author = "Arrindell, {W. A.} and Martin Eisemann and Oei, {Tian P.S.} and Caballo, {Vicente E.} and Ezio Sanavio and Claudio Sica and Nuri Bag{\'e}s and Lya Feldman and B{\'a}rbara Torres and Saburo Iwawaki and Chryse Hatzichristou and Josefina Castro and Gloria Canalda and Adrian Furnham and {van der Ende}, Jan and G. Aguilar and R. Bentall and Bridges, {K. R.} and A. Buchanan and Calvo, {M. G.} and Crozier, {W. R.} and M. Davis and Edelmann, {R. J.} and Farrer, {R. J.} and W. Frindte and T. G{\"a}rling and P. Gaszner and R. Gillholm and M. Gustafsson and Hansson, {S. B.} and P. Harris and Hudson, {B. L.} and M. Johnston and J. K{\'a}llai and E. Kasielke and J. Kenardy and Leong, {C. C.} and A. Liddell and K. Mart{\'i}n and I. Montgomery and Palenzuela, {D. L.} and D. Pennington and M. Peter and Pickersgill, {M. J.} and Recinos, {L. A.} and Richards, {J. C.} and J. Richter and O. Ryd{\'e}n and Sim{\'o}n, {M. A.} and M. Surman and F. Zaldivar",

note = "Funding Information: The contribution of Dr W.A. Arrindell was made possible by a fellowship (1991–1996) of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW).",

year = "2004",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1016/j.paid.2003.11.002",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "37",

pages = "627--643",

journal = "Personality and Individual Differences",

issn = "0191-8869",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

number = "3",

}

Arrindell, WA, Eisemann, M, Oei, TPS, Caballo, VE, Sanavio, E, Sica, C, Bagés, N, Feldman, L, Torres, B, Iwawaki, S, Hatzichristou, C, Castro, J, Canalda, G, Furnham, A, van der Ende, J, Aguilar, G, Bentall, R, Bridges, KR, Buchanan, A, Calvo, MG, Crozier, WR, Davis, M, Edelmann, RJ, Farrer, RJ, Frindte, W, Gärling, T, Gaszner, P, Gillholm, R, Gustafsson, M, Hansson, SB, Harris, P, Hudson, BL, Johnston, M, Kállai, J, Kasielke, E, Kenardy, J, Leong, CC, Liddell, A, Martín, K, Montgomery, I, Palenzuela, DL, Pennington, D, Peter, M, Pickersgill, MJ, Recinos, LA, Richards, JC, Richter, J, Rydén, O, Simón, MA, Surman, M & Zaldivar, F 2004, 'Phobic anxiety in 11 nations: Part II. Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures predict national-level variations', Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 627-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.11.002

TY - JOUR

T1 - Phobic anxiety in 11 nations

T2 - Part II. Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures predict national-level variations

AU - Arrindell, W. A.

AU - Eisemann, Martin

AU - Oei, Tian P.S.

AU - Caballo, Vicente E.

AU - Sanavio, Ezio

AU - Sica, Claudio

AU - Bagés, Nuri

AU - Feldman, Lya

AU - Torres, Bárbara

AU - Iwawaki, Saburo

AU - Hatzichristou, Chryse

AU - Castro, Josefina

AU - Canalda, Gloria

AU - Furnham, Adrian

AU - van der Ende, Jan

AU - Aguilar, G.

AU - Bentall, R.

AU - Bridges, K. R.

AU - Buchanan, A.

AU - Calvo, M. G.

AU - Crozier, W. R.

AU - Davis, M.

AU - Edelmann, R. J.

AU - Farrer, R. J.

AU - Frindte, W.

AU - Gärling, T.

AU - Gaszner, P.

AU - Gillholm, R.

AU - Gustafsson, M.

AU - Hansson, S. B.

AU - Harris, P.

AU - Hudson, B. L.

AU - Johnston, M.

AU - Kállai, J.

AU - Kasielke, E.

AU - Kenardy, J.

AU - Leong, C. C.

AU - Liddell, A.

AU - Martín, K.

AU - Montgomery, I.

AU - Palenzuela, D. L.

AU - Pennington, D.

AU - Peter, M.

AU - Pickersgill, M. J.

AU - Recinos, L. A.

AU - Richards, J. C.

AU - Richter, J.

AU - Rydén, O.

AU - Simón, M. A.

AU - Surman, M.

AU - Zaldivar, F.

N1 - Funding Information: The contribution of Dr W.A. Arrindell was made possible by a fellowship (1991–1996) of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW).

PY - 2004/8

Y1 - 2004/8

N2 - Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures termed Masculinity-Femininity (MAS) and Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) (Hofstede, 2001) are proposed to be of relevance for understanding national-level differences in self-assessed fears. The potential predictive role of national MAS was based on the classical work of Fodor (Fodor, 1974). Following Fodor, it was predicted that masculine (or tough) societies in which clearer differentiations are made between gender roles (high MAS) would report higher national levels of fears than feminine (or soft/modest) societies in which such differentiations are made to a clearly lesser extent (low MAS). In addition, it was anticipated that nervous-stressful-emotionally-expressive nations (high UAI) would report higher national levels of fears than calm-happy and low-emotional countries (low UAI), and that countries high on both MAS and UAI would report the highest national levels of fears. A data set comprising 11 countries (N 5000) served as the basis for analyses. As anticipated, (a) high MAS predicted higher national levels of Agoraphobic fears and of Bodily Injury-Illness-Death fears; (b) higher scores on both UAI and MAS predicted higher national scores on Bodily Injury-Illness-Death fears, fears of Sexual and Aggressive Scenes, and Harmless Animals fears; (c) higher UAI predicted higher national levels of Harmless Animals, Bodily Injury-Illness-Death, and Agoraphobic fears.

AB - Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures termed Masculinity-Femininity (MAS) and Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) (Hofstede, 2001) are proposed to be of relevance for understanding national-level differences in self-assessed fears. The potential predictive role of national MAS was based on the classical work of Fodor (Fodor, 1974). Following Fodor, it was predicted that masculine (or tough) societies in which clearer differentiations are made between gender roles (high MAS) would report higher national levels of fears than feminine (or soft/modest) societies in which such differentiations are made to a clearly lesser extent (low MAS). In addition, it was anticipated that nervous-stressful-emotionally-expressive nations (high UAI) would report higher national levels of fears than calm-happy and low-emotional countries (low UAI), and that countries high on both MAS and UAI would report the highest national levels of fears. A data set comprising 11 countries (N 5000) served as the basis for analyses. As anticipated, (a) high MAS predicted higher national levels of Agoraphobic fears and of Bodily Injury-Illness-Death fears; (b) higher scores on both UAI and MAS predicted higher national scores on Bodily Injury-Illness-Death fears, fears of Sexual and Aggressive Scenes, and Harmless Animals fears; (c) higher UAI predicted higher national levels of Harmless Animals, Bodily Injury-Illness-Death, and Agoraphobic fears.

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DO - 10.1016/j.paid.2003.11.002

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SN - 0191-8869

VL - 37

SP - 627

EP - 643

JO - Personality and Individual Differences

JF - Personality and Individual Differences

IS - 3

ER -

Phobic anxiety in 11 nations: Part II. Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures predict national-level variations

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