Piezoelectric property enhancement in polycrystalline lead zirconate titanate by changing cutting angle

The effective piezoelectric strain constant d₃₃ and electromechanical coupling factor k₃₃ of polycrystalline lead zirconate titanate (PZT) at different cutting angles have been measured by using the IEEE standard resonance method. It was found that for tetragonal PZT 48/52, the effective d₃₃ and k₃₃ monotonously decreases as the cutting angle canted from the poling direction increases. However, for rhombohedral PZT 54/46, the effective d₃₃ has the maximum value along a direction which is canted about 45° away from the poling direction, while the effective electromechanical coupling factor is not sensitive to the cutting direction and remains almost constant in the cutting angle range from 0° to 45°.