Plasma cholesterol-predictive equations demonstrate that stearic acid is neutral and monounsaturated fatty acids are hypocholesterolemic

In the present study we used regression analyses to evaluate the effects of stearic acid (18:0) on total cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations (mmol/L). Using data from 18 articles, we developed the following predictive equations (monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFAs; polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFAs): ΔTC = 0.0522Δ12:0-16:0 - 0.0008Δ18:0 - 0.0124 ΔMUFA 0.0248 ΔPUFA; ΔLDL-C = 0.0378Δ12:0-16:0 + 0.0018Δ18:0 - 0.0178ΔMUFA - 0.0248ΔPUFA; ΔHDL-C = 0.0160Δ12:0-16:0 - 0.0016Δ18:0 + 0.0101ΔMUFA + 0.0062ΔPUFA. Our analyses revealed that unlike the other long-chain saturated fatty acids (SFAs), stearic acid had no effect on TC and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in men and women. MUFAs elicited an independent hypocholesterolemic effect that we believe is due to the small amount of 12:0-16:0 in the experimental diets evaluated. The observation that stearic acid has unique effects on TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C provides additional compelling evidence that it be distinguished from the other major SFAs in blood cholesterol predictive equations.