Polyphosphazene/nano-hydroxyapatite composite microsphere scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Syam P. Nukavarapu, Sangamesh G. Kumbar, Justin L. Brown, Nicholas R. Krogman, Arlin L. Weikel, Mark D. Hindenlang, Lakshmi S. Nair, Harry R. Allcock, Cato T. Laurencin

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

190 Scopus citations

Abstract

The nontoxic, neutral degradation products of amino acid ester polyphosphazenes make them ideal candidates for in vivo orthopedic applications. The quest for new osteocompatible materials for load bearing tissue engineering applications has led us to investigate mechanically competent amino acid ester substituted polyphosphazenes. In this study, we have synthesized three biodegradable polyphosphazenes substituted with side groups, namely, leucine, valine, and phenylalanine ethyl esters. Of these polymers, the phenylalanine ethyl ester substituted polyphosphazene showed the highest glass transition temperature (41.6 °C) and, hence, was chosen as a candidate material for forming composite microspheres with 100 nm sized hydroxyapatite (nHAp). The fabricated composite microspheres were sintered into a three-dimensional (3-D) porous scaffold by adopting a dynamic solvent sintering approach. The composite microsphere scaffolds showed compressive moduli of 46-81 MPa with mean pore diameters in the range of 86-145 μm. The 3-D polyphosphazene-nHAp composite microsphere scaffolds showed good osteoblast cell adhesion, proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase expression and are potential suitors for bone tissue engineering applications.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1818-1825
Number of pages8
JournalBiomacromolecules
Volume9
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 2008

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Bioengineering
  • Biomaterials
  • Polymers and Plastics
  • Materials Chemistry

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