Polysulphone composite membranes modified with two types of carbon additives as a potential material for bone tissue regeneration

This study presents a detailed evaluation of the impact of carbon fibrous materials on the physicochemical properties of polysulphone (PSU) membranes and their preliminary osteoblast-like cells response in vitro. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and short carbon fibres (SCFs) were incorporated into PSU and membranes were produced by the phase inversion method. Then, the physicochemical properties of the membranes' surface were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate microstructure and porosity. Surface properties such as roughness, wettability and surface energy were evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact profilometry and a goniometer, respectively. The presence of carbon fibrous additives in the PSU matrix improved its hydrophilicity. Porosity and topography of the PSU membranes were also changed upon incorporation of carbon additives. The mechanical properties of the PSU membranes were improved after SCF addition. All physicochemical properties of the obtained composite membranes had significant impact on the osteoblast-like cells response. Preliminary viability tests indicated biocompatibility of all membranes.