Predictive intercity freight network models: the state of the art

This paper describes significant network models for predicting intercity freight movements that have appeared in the literature, and it provides a typology of such models. An in-depth discussion is provided of recent advances pertaining to combined shipper-carrier models, spatial price equilibrium, and the use of these concepts to enhance the realism and accuracy of intercity freight network models. Finally, areas for future research are recommended.