Preparticipation and Sideline Evaluation of Athletes with Intellectual and Developmental Disability

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disability face several barriers to participation in sports and physical activity. Fortunately, there are opportunities for athletes with intellectual and developmental disability to participate in sport. Special Olympics continues to be the most prominent opportunity. Unfortunately, many physicians and other health care providers may feel underprepared to evaluate and treat athletes with intellectual and developmental disability. While national and international events often have a large number of resources available, access to medical care for athletes at local, regional, and state events can be variable. This paper will review medical coverage for state and regional Special Olympics events, including preevent preparation, preparticipation examination, common medical conditions among athletes with intellectual and developmental disability, and common injuries evaluated at local and state events.