Prevalence and associated factors of cerebral microbleeds in a rural population of the United States

Objective: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) can carry an advanced risk for the development and burden of cerebrovascular and cognitive disorders. Large-scale population-based studies are required to identify the at-risk population. Method: Ten percent (N = 3,056) of the Geisinger DiscovEHR Initiative Cohort participants who had brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for any indication were randomly selected. Patients with CMBs were compared to an age-, gender-, body mass index-, and hypertension-matched cohort of patients without CMB. The prevalence of comorbidities and use of anticoagulation therapy was investigated in association with CMB presence (binary logistic regression), quantity (ordinal regression), and topography (multinomial regression). Results: Among 3,056 selected participants, 477 (15.6 %) had CMBs in their MRI. Patients with CMBs were older and were more prevalently hypertensive, with ischemic stroke, arrhythmia, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, and the use of warfarin. After propensity-score matching, 477 patients with CMBs and 974 without were included for further analyses. Predictors of ≥5 CMBs were ischemic stroke (OR, 1.6; 95 % CI, 1.2 -2.0), peripheral vascular disease (OR, 1.6; 95 % CI, 1.1–2.3), and thrombocytopenia (OR, 1.9; 95 % CI, 1.2–2.9). Ischemic stroke was associated with strictly lobar CMBs more strongly than deep/infra-tentorial CMBs (OR, 2.1; 95 % CI, 1.5–3.1; vs. OR, 1.4; CI, 1.1–1.8). Conclusions: CMBs were prevalent in our white population. Old age, hypertension, anticoagulant treatment, thrombocytopenia, and a history of vascular diseases including stroke, were associated with CMBs.