TY - JOUR
T1 - Products, pathways, and kinetics for reactions of indole under supercritical water gasification conditions
AU - Guo, Yang
AU - Wang, Shuzhong
AU - Huelsman, Chad M.
AU - Savage, Phillip E.
N1 - Funding Information:
Y.G. thanks the China Scholarship Council for financial support as a joint PhD student. We thank Harald Eberhardt, Master Glassblower at the University of Michigan, for experimental assistance and training. We also acknowledge financial support from the University of Michigan College of Engineering, the National Science Foundation ( CBET-0755617 ), and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA06Z313 ).
Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2013/1
Y1 - 2013/1
N2 - Indole is commonly reported as a product from hydrothermal processing of algal biomass. The reactions of indole in supercritical water were investigated between 550 and 700 °C in quartz, mini-batch reactors. The indole disappearance rate followed first-order kinetics, and the activation energy was 155 ± 10 kJ/mol. Methane and hydrogen were the most abundant gaseous products under most of the conditions tested, whereas benzene was the most abundant liquid-phase product. Hydrogen and carbon gasification efficiencies (HGE and CGE) exhibited values up to 79% and 20%, respectively. The influence of water density on the yields of H2, CH4, and C2H6 was negligible at densities above 0.081 g/ml, but the CO2 yield increased with water density whereas the CO yield decreased. The yield of CH4 increased significantly as the initial indole concentration increased. The collective results, which showed how the yields of numerous intermediate reaction products responded to changes in the process variables, permitted advancement of a potential reaction network.
AB - Indole is commonly reported as a product from hydrothermal processing of algal biomass. The reactions of indole in supercritical water were investigated between 550 and 700 °C in quartz, mini-batch reactors. The indole disappearance rate followed first-order kinetics, and the activation energy was 155 ± 10 kJ/mol. Methane and hydrogen were the most abundant gaseous products under most of the conditions tested, whereas benzene was the most abundant liquid-phase product. Hydrogen and carbon gasification efficiencies (HGE and CGE) exhibited values up to 79% and 20%, respectively. The influence of water density on the yields of H2, CH4, and C2H6 was negligible at densities above 0.081 g/ml, but the CO2 yield increased with water density whereas the CO yield decreased. The yield of CH4 increased significantly as the initial indole concentration increased. The collective results, which showed how the yields of numerous intermediate reaction products responded to changes in the process variables, permitted advancement of a potential reaction network.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.10.010
DO - 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.10.010
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84873822339
SN - 0896-8446
VL - 73
SP - 161
EP - 170
JO - Journal of Supercritical Fluids
JF - Journal of Supercritical Fluids
ER -