@article{88f8c6e68705456d9e80549d1c99d738,
title = "Protection of humans against malaria by immunization with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites",
abstract = "During 1989-1999, 11 volunteers were immunized by the bites of 1001-2927 irradiated mosquitoes harboring infectious sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) strain NF54 or clone 3D7/NF54. Ten volunteers were first challenged by the bites of Pf-infected mosquitoes 2-9 weeks after the last immunization, and all were protected. A volunteer challenged 10 weeks after the last immunization was not protected. Five previously protected volunteers were rechallenged 23-42 weeks after a secondary immunization, and 4 were protected. Two volunteers were protected when rechallenged with a heterologous Pf strain (7G8). In total, there was protection in 24 of 26 challenges. These results expand published findings demonstrating that immunization by exposure to thousands of mosquitoes carrying radiation-attenuated Pf sporozoites is safe and well tolerated and elicits strain-transcendent protective immunity that persists for at least 42 weeks.",
author = "Hoffman, {Stephen L.} and Goh, {Lucy M.L.} and Luke, {Thomas C.} and Imogene Schneider and Le, {Thong P.} and Doolan, {Denise L.} and John Sacci and {De la Vega}, Patricia and Megan Dowler and Chris Paul and Gordon, {Daniel M.} and Stoute, {Jose A.} and {Preston Church}, {L. W.} and Martha Sedegah and {Gray Heppner}, D. and {Ripley Ballou}, W. and Richie, {Thomas L.}",
note = "Funding Information: Financial support: Military Infectious Diseases Research Program; Naval Medical Research Center (work unit 62787A 870 F 1432). Funding Information: Written informed consent was obtained from all volunteers. All studies were conducted in accordance with guidelines established by and approved by US Navy and Army institutional review boards. The study protocol was approved by the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects of the Naval Medical Research Center, the Office of the Special Assistant for Human Subject Protections at the Naval Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, and the Human Subjects Research Review Board of the Army Surgeon General. Funding Information: 1Malaria Program, Naval Medical Research Center, and 2Department of Immunology and Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring; 3Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville; 4National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda; and 5Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, and 6Department of Microbiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore",
year = "2002",
month = apr,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1086/339409",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "185",
pages = "1155--1164",
journal = "Journal of Infectious Diseases",
issn = "0022-1899",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "8",
}
