Protein design on computers. Five new proteins: Shpilka, grendel, fingerclasp, leather, and aida

What is the current state of the art in protein design? This question was approached in a recent two‐week protein design workshop sponsored by EMBO and held at the EMBL in Heidelberg. The goals were to test available design tools and to explore new design strategies. Five novel proteins were designed: Shpilka, a sandwich of two four‐stranded β‐sheets, a scaffold on which to explore variations in loop topology; Grendel, a four‐helical membrane anchor, ready for fusion to water‐soluble functional domains; Fingerclasp, a dimer of interdigitating β–β–α units, the simplest variant of the “handshake” structural class; Aida, an antibody binding surface intended to be specific for flavodoxin; Leather—a minimal NAD binding domain, extracted from a larger protein. Each design is available as a set of three‐dimensional coordinates, the corresponding amino acid sequence and a set of analytical results. The designs are placed in the public domain for scrutiny, improvement, and possible experimental verification.