TY - JOUR
T1 - Quantification of noninvasive fat reduction
T2 - A systematic review
AU - Auh, Sogyong L.
AU - Iyengar, Sanjana
AU - Weil, Alexandra
AU - Bolotin, Diana
AU - Cartee, Todd V.
AU - Dover, Jeffrey S.
AU - Maher, Ian A.
AU - Sobanko, Joseph F.
AU - Cohen, Joel L.
AU - Poon, Emily
AU - Alam, Murad
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PY - 2018/2
Y1 - 2018/2
N2 - Background and Objective: Noninvasive fat reduction appears effective, but there are various methods for quantifying changes. The objective of this review is to assess comparative utility measures of subcutaneous fat. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Articles describing noninvasive fat reduction were searched using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus electronic databases on two dates (January 28, 2014 and February 16, 2016). Titles of studies and abstracts were screened for eligibility. Manual review was performed by two investigators to detect those that: (1) included original data; (2) were randomized controlled trials, or prospective or retrospective cohort studies; (3) quantified fat outcomes; and (4) enrolled at least 10 subjects. Results: Of 1,057 retrieved articles, 36 met criteria. Most reported four or more measurement techniques. Circumference measurements were most commonly cited. Other objective techniques, like caliper thickness, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and three-dimensional (3D) photography, were also used. Common subjective methods were evaluation of standardized photographs by blinded raters and patient satisfaction surveys. Conclusions: For quantifying noninvasive fat reduction, all available methods had significant limitations: photographic comparisons were subjective; circumference or caliper measurements were confounded; ultrasound was operator dependent; MRI was expensive; computed models and simulations were in early development. As new technologies are developed, the need for reliable, accurate and practical measures of subcutaneous fat will increase. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:96–110, 2018.
AB - Background and Objective: Noninvasive fat reduction appears effective, but there are various methods for quantifying changes. The objective of this review is to assess comparative utility measures of subcutaneous fat. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Articles describing noninvasive fat reduction were searched using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus electronic databases on two dates (January 28, 2014 and February 16, 2016). Titles of studies and abstracts were screened for eligibility. Manual review was performed by two investigators to detect those that: (1) included original data; (2) were randomized controlled trials, or prospective or retrospective cohort studies; (3) quantified fat outcomes; and (4) enrolled at least 10 subjects. Results: Of 1,057 retrieved articles, 36 met criteria. Most reported four or more measurement techniques. Circumference measurements were most commonly cited. Other objective techniques, like caliper thickness, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and three-dimensional (3D) photography, were also used. Common subjective methods were evaluation of standardized photographs by blinded raters and patient satisfaction surveys. Conclusions: For quantifying noninvasive fat reduction, all available methods had significant limitations: photographic comparisons were subjective; circumference or caliper measurements were confounded; ultrasound was operator dependent; MRI was expensive; computed models and simulations were in early development. As new technologies are developed, the need for reliable, accurate and practical measures of subcutaneous fat will increase. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:96–110, 2018.
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U2 - 10.1002/lsm.22761
DO - 10.1002/lsm.22761
M3 - Editorial
C2 - 29210446
AN - SCOPUS:85037984293
SN - 0196-8092
VL - 50
SP - 96
EP - 110
JO - Lasers in Surgery and Medicine
JF - Lasers in Surgery and Medicine
IS - 2
ER -