Quantitative understanding of the elastic coupling in magnetoelectric laminate composites through the nonlinear polarization-magnetic (P-H) response

In this study, we use a modified Sawyer-Tower technique to measure the induced polarization (P) in magnetoelectric composites as a function of applied magnetic field (H) and frequency. Using these data, we show the hysteretic behavior of the magnetoelectric coefficient and quantify the changes occurring in the polarization waveform through the measured pulse width and pulse amplitude. The P-H loops were measured over a varying range of frequency and DC magnetic bias, and the data were analyzed in terms of the dissipation occurring during switching. A systematic correlation between the P-H loops and the conventionally measured ME coefficient (dE/dH) using the lock-in amplifier technique was established.