TY - JOUR
T1 - Racial differences in the oral microbiome
T2 - Data from low-income populations of African ancestry and European ancestry
AU - Yang, Yaohua
AU - Zheng, Wei
AU - Cai, Qiuyin
AU - Shrubsole, Martha J.
AU - Pei, Zhiheng
AU - Brucker, Robert
AU - Steinwandel, Mark
AU - Bordenstein, Seth R.
AU - Li, Zhigang
AU - Blot, William J.
AU - Shu, Xiao Ou
AU - Long, Jirong
N1 - Funding Information:
Sample preparation was conducted at the Survey and Biospecimen Shared Resources, which is supported in part by the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P30 CA68485). The SCCS was supported by NIH grant R01CA92447 and U01CA202979. This project was also supported by the development fund from the Department of Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the NIH-supported grants R01CA207466, R01CA204113, and U54CA163072. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Funding Information:
We thank all of the individuals who took part in the study and all of the researchers, clinicians, technicians, and administrative staff who enabled this work to be carried out. We thank Regina Courtney, Jie Wu, Jing He, and Marshal Younger for their help with sample preparation, statistical analysis, and technical support for the project. The data analyses were conducted using the Advanced Computing Center for Research and Education (ACCRE) at Vanderbilt University. Sample preparation was conducted at the Survey and Biospecimen Shared Resources, which is supported in part by the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P30 CA68485). The SCCS was supported by NIH grant R01CA92447 and U01CA202979. This project was also supported by the development fund from the Department of Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the NIH-supported grants R01CA207466, R01CA204113, and U54CA163072. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2019 Yang et al.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Increasing evidence indicates the significant racial difference in gut, vaginal, and skin microbiomes. However, little is known regarding the racial difference in the oral microbiome. In this study, deep sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was utilized to assess the oral microbiome in mouth rinse samples of 1,058 African-Americans (AAs) and 558 European-Americans (EAs) from the Southern Community Cohort Study. Generally, AAs had a higher species richness than EAs, with P = 5.28×10-14 (Wilcoxon rank sum test) for Faith's phylogenetic diversity index. A significant difference in overall microbiome composition was observed between AAs and EAs, with P = 5.94×10-4 (MiRKAT) for the weighted UniFrac distance matrix. We also found 32 bacterial taxa showing a significant differential abundance or prevalence between the two racial groups at a Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.05 in linear or logistic regression analyses. Generally, AAs showed a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and a lower abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Interestingly, four periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, and Filifactor alocis, were more prevalent among AAs than among EAs, with Bonferroni-corrected P values of 5.23×10-6, 4.47×10-6, 1.08×10-3, and 4.49×10-5, respectively. In addition, all of these 32 taxa were significantly correlated with the percentage of genetic African ancestry. These findings call for research to understand how the racial difference in oral microbiome influences the health disparity. Importance: In this systemic investigation of racial differences in the oral microbiome using a large data set, we disclosed the significant differences in the oral microbial richness/evenness, as well as in the overall microbial composition, between African-Americans and European-Americans. We also found multiple oral bacterial taxa, including several preidentified oral pathogens, showing a significant different abundance or prevalence between African-Americans and European-Americans. Furthermore, these taxa were consistently found to be associated with the percentage of genetic African ancestry. Our findings warrant further research to understand how the racial difference in the oral microbiome influences the health disparity.
AB - Increasing evidence indicates the significant racial difference in gut, vaginal, and skin microbiomes. However, little is known regarding the racial difference in the oral microbiome. In this study, deep sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was utilized to assess the oral microbiome in mouth rinse samples of 1,058 African-Americans (AAs) and 558 European-Americans (EAs) from the Southern Community Cohort Study. Generally, AAs had a higher species richness than EAs, with P = 5.28×10-14 (Wilcoxon rank sum test) for Faith's phylogenetic diversity index. A significant difference in overall microbiome composition was observed between AAs and EAs, with P = 5.94×10-4 (MiRKAT) for the weighted UniFrac distance matrix. We also found 32 bacterial taxa showing a significant differential abundance or prevalence between the two racial groups at a Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.05 in linear or logistic regression analyses. Generally, AAs showed a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and a lower abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Interestingly, four periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, and Filifactor alocis, were more prevalent among AAs than among EAs, with Bonferroni-corrected P values of 5.23×10-6, 4.47×10-6, 1.08×10-3, and 4.49×10-5, respectively. In addition, all of these 32 taxa were significantly correlated with the percentage of genetic African ancestry. These findings call for research to understand how the racial difference in oral microbiome influences the health disparity. Importance: In this systemic investigation of racial differences in the oral microbiome using a large data set, we disclosed the significant differences in the oral microbial richness/evenness, as well as in the overall microbial composition, between African-Americans and European-Americans. We also found multiple oral bacterial taxa, including several preidentified oral pathogens, showing a significant different abundance or prevalence between African-Americans and European-Americans. Furthermore, these taxa were consistently found to be associated with the percentage of genetic African ancestry. Our findings warrant further research to understand how the racial difference in the oral microbiome influences the health disparity.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85075691072&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85075691072&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1128/mSystems.00639-19
DO - 10.1128/mSystems.00639-19
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85075691072
SN - 2379-5077
VL - 4
JO - mSystems
JF - mSystems
IS - 6
M1 - e00639
ER -