TY - JOUR
T1 - Racial disparities in health among nonpoor African Americans and Hispanics
T2 - The role of acute and chronic discrimination
AU - Colen, Cynthia G.
AU - Ramey, David M.
AU - Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
AU - Williams, David R.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported in part by P2C-HD058484 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development awarded to the Ohio State University Institute for Population Research. NLSY79 Young Adult data used in this research were collected under NIH grant R01HD037078 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (PI Elizabeth C. Cooksey). The NLSY79 survey is sponsored and directed by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Both surveys are conducted by the Center for Human Resource Research at The Ohio State University with interviews conducted by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Funding Information:
This research was supported in part by P2C-HD058484 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development awarded to the Ohio State University Institute for Population Research. NLSY79 Young Adult data used in this research were collected under NIH grant R01HD037078 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (PI Elizabeth C. Cooksey). The NLSY79 survey is sponsored and directed by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Both surveys are conducted by the Center for Human Resource Research at The Ohio State University with interviews conducted by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2018/2
Y1 - 2018/2
N2 - Racial disparities in health tend to be more pronounced at the upper ends of the socioeconomic (SES) spectrum. Despite having access to above average social and economic resources, nonpoor African Americans and Latinos report significantly worse health compared to nonpoor Whites. We combine data from the parents and children of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) to address two specific research aims. First, we generate longitudinal SES trajectories over a 33-year period to estimate the extent to which socioeconomic mobility is associated with exposure to discrimination (acute and chronic) across different racial/ethnic groups (nonHispanic Whites, nonHispanic Blacks, and Hispanics). Then we determine if the disparate relationship between SES and self-rated health across these groups can be accounted for by more frequent exposure to unfair treatment. For Whites, moderate income gains over time result in significantly less exposure to both acute and chronic discrimination. Upwardly mobile African Americans and Hispanics, however, were significantly more likely to experience acute and chronic discrimination, respectively, than their socioeconomically stable counterparts. We also find that differential exposure to unfair treatment explains a substantial proportion of the Black/White, but not the Hispanic/White, gap in self-rated health among this nationally representative sample of upwardly mobile young adults. The current study adds to the debate that the shape of the SES/health gradient differs, in important ways, across race and provides empirical support for the diminishing health returns hypothesis for racial/ethnic minorities.
AB - Racial disparities in health tend to be more pronounced at the upper ends of the socioeconomic (SES) spectrum. Despite having access to above average social and economic resources, nonpoor African Americans and Latinos report significantly worse health compared to nonpoor Whites. We combine data from the parents and children of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) to address two specific research aims. First, we generate longitudinal SES trajectories over a 33-year period to estimate the extent to which socioeconomic mobility is associated with exposure to discrimination (acute and chronic) across different racial/ethnic groups (nonHispanic Whites, nonHispanic Blacks, and Hispanics). Then we determine if the disparate relationship between SES and self-rated health across these groups can be accounted for by more frequent exposure to unfair treatment. For Whites, moderate income gains over time result in significantly less exposure to both acute and chronic discrimination. Upwardly mobile African Americans and Hispanics, however, were significantly more likely to experience acute and chronic discrimination, respectively, than their socioeconomically stable counterparts. We also find that differential exposure to unfair treatment explains a substantial proportion of the Black/White, but not the Hispanic/White, gap in self-rated health among this nationally representative sample of upwardly mobile young adults. The current study adds to the debate that the shape of the SES/health gradient differs, in important ways, across race and provides empirical support for the diminishing health returns hypothesis for racial/ethnic minorities.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.04.051
DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.04.051
M3 - Article
C2 - 28571900
AN - SCOPUS:85019720470
SN - 0277-9536
VL - 199
SP - 167
EP - 180
JO - Social Science and Medicine
JF - Social Science and Medicine
ER -