TY - JOUR
T1 - Radiative properties of the first galaxies
T2 - Rapid transition between UV and infrared bright phases
AU - Arata, Shohei
AU - Yajima, Hidenobu
AU - Nagamine, Kentaro
AU - Li, Yuexing
AU - Khochfar, Sadegh
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the referee for the constructive comments. Numerical computations were carried out on the Cray XC30 and XC50 at the Center for Computational Astrophysics, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, and the OCTOPUS at the Cybermedia Center, Osaka University. This work is supported in part by the MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP17H04827 (HY), 18H04570 (HY), and JP17H01111 (KN). YL acknowledges support from National Science Foundation through grants AST-1412719 and MRI-1626251. We are grateful to Dr. Ouchi for helpful comments on the dust temperature. KN thanks to Dr. Kawamata for useful discussions on galaxy size evolution. KN acknowledges the travel support from the Kavli IPMU, World Premier Research Center Initiative (WPI), where part of this work was conducted.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
PY - 2019/9/11
Y1 - 2019/9/11
N2 - Recent observations have successfully detected UV-bright and infrared-bright galaxies in the epoch of reionization. However, the origin of their radiative properties has not been understood yet. Combining cosmological hydrodynamic simulations and radiative transfer calculations, we present predictions of multiwavelength radiative properties of the first galaxies at z ~ 6–15. Using zoom-in initial conditions, we investigate three massive galaxies and their satellites in different environment and halo masses at z = 6: Mh = 2.4 × 1010 , 1.6 × 1011 , and 0.7 × 1012 M☉. We find that most of the gas and dust are ejected from star-forming regions by supernova feedback, which allows the UV photons to escape. We show that the peak of the spectral energy distribution (SED) rapidly changes between UV and infrared wavelengths on a time-scale of ~ 100 Myr due to intermittent star formation and feedback, and the escape fraction of UV photons fluctuates in the range of 0.2–0.8 at z < 10 with a time-averaged value of 0.3. When dusty gas covers the star-forming regions, the galaxies become bright in the observed-frame sub-millimeter wavelengths. We predict the detectability of high-z galaxies with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). For a sensitivity limit of 0.1 mJy at 850 μm, the detection probability of galaxies in haloes Mh ≥ 1011 M☉ at z ≤ 7 exceeds fifty per cent. We argue that supernova feedback can produce the observed diversity of SEDs for high-z galaxies.
AB - Recent observations have successfully detected UV-bright and infrared-bright galaxies in the epoch of reionization. However, the origin of their radiative properties has not been understood yet. Combining cosmological hydrodynamic simulations and radiative transfer calculations, we present predictions of multiwavelength radiative properties of the first galaxies at z ~ 6–15. Using zoom-in initial conditions, we investigate three massive galaxies and their satellites in different environment and halo masses at z = 6: Mh = 2.4 × 1010 , 1.6 × 1011 , and 0.7 × 1012 M☉. We find that most of the gas and dust are ejected from star-forming regions by supernova feedback, which allows the UV photons to escape. We show that the peak of the spectral energy distribution (SED) rapidly changes between UV and infrared wavelengths on a time-scale of ~ 100 Myr due to intermittent star formation and feedback, and the escape fraction of UV photons fluctuates in the range of 0.2–0.8 at z < 10 with a time-averaged value of 0.3. When dusty gas covers the star-forming regions, the galaxies become bright in the observed-frame sub-millimeter wavelengths. We predict the detectability of high-z galaxies with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). For a sensitivity limit of 0.1 mJy at 850 μm, the detection probability of galaxies in haloes Mh ≥ 1011 M☉ at z ≤ 7 exceeds fifty per cent. We argue that supernova feedback can produce the observed diversity of SEDs for high-z galaxies.
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U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stz1887
DO - 10.1093/mnras/stz1887
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85074569776
SN - 0035-8711
VL - 488
SP - 2629
EP - 2643
JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
IS - 2
ER -