TY - JOUR
T1 - Rapid restoration of electric vehicle battery performance while driving at cold temperatures
AU - Zhang, Guangsheng
AU - Ge, Shanhai
AU - Yang, Xiao Guang
AU - Leng, Yongjun
AU - Marple, Dan
AU - Wang, Chao Yang
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support of this work by Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) is gratefully acknowledged.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2017/12/15
Y1 - 2017/12/15
N2 - Electric vehicles (EVs) driven in cold weather experience two major drawbacks of Li-ion batteries: drastic power loss (up to 10-fold at −30 °C) and restriction of regenerative braking at temperatures below 5–10 °C. Both factors greatly reduce cruise range, exacerbating drivers' range anxiety in winter. While preheating the battery before driving is a practice widely adopted to maintain battery power and EV drivability, it is time-consuming (on the order of 40 min) and prohibits instantaneous mobility. Here we reveal a control strategy that can rapidly restore EV battery power and permit full regeneration while driving at temperatures as low as −40 °C. The strategy involves heating the battery internally during regenerative braking and rest periods of driving. We show that this technique fully restores room-temperature battery power and regeneration in 13, 33, 46, 56 and 112 s into uninterrupted driving in 0, −10, −20, −30 and −40 °C environments, respectively. Correspondingly, the strategy significantly increases cruise range of a vehicle operated at cold temperatures, e.g. 49% at −40 °C in simulated US06 driving cycle tests. The present work suggests that smart batteries with embedded sensing/actuation can leapfrog in performance.
AB - Electric vehicles (EVs) driven in cold weather experience two major drawbacks of Li-ion batteries: drastic power loss (up to 10-fold at −30 °C) and restriction of regenerative braking at temperatures below 5–10 °C. Both factors greatly reduce cruise range, exacerbating drivers' range anxiety in winter. While preheating the battery before driving is a practice widely adopted to maintain battery power and EV drivability, it is time-consuming (on the order of 40 min) and prohibits instantaneous mobility. Here we reveal a control strategy that can rapidly restore EV battery power and permit full regeneration while driving at temperatures as low as −40 °C. The strategy involves heating the battery internally during regenerative braking and rest periods of driving. We show that this technique fully restores room-temperature battery power and regeneration in 13, 33, 46, 56 and 112 s into uninterrupted driving in 0, −10, −20, −30 and −40 °C environments, respectively. Correspondingly, the strategy significantly increases cruise range of a vehicle operated at cold temperatures, e.g. 49% at −40 °C in simulated US06 driving cycle tests. The present work suggests that smart batteries with embedded sensing/actuation can leapfrog in performance.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.10.029
DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.10.029
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85031714095
SN - 0378-7753
VL - 371
SP - 35
EP - 40
JO - Journal of Power Sources
JF - Journal of Power Sources
ER -