Reduced and Reformulated Electrochemical Model-based Detection and Isolation of Electrode-level Faults in Lithium-ion Battery Cells

Despite finding their usage in multiple applications ranging from mobile phones to electric vehicles, degradation of Lithium-ion batteries and fault occurrences over a period of time, is still inevitable. There are numerous types of degradation and faults that are possible in a battery. Some of these faults affect individual electrodes (cathode and anode) of the battery while some of them manifest themselves on the battery cell as a whole. Diagnostics of cell-level faults has been explored extensively while electrode-level fault detection has received relatively lesser attention. In this work, we attempt to detect and isolate certain type of faults occurred in battery electrodes and distinguish if the fault has primarily occurred in the anode or the cathode. We utilize a reduced order and reformulated electrochemical models along with feedback-based observers to realize the proposed method. Preliminary simulation-based case studies are shown to illustrate the proposed approach.