TY - JOUR
T1 - Reduction of nitrogen excretion and emission in poultry
T2 - A review for organic poultry
AU - Chalova, Vesela I.
AU - Kim, Jihyuk
AU - Patterson, Paul H.
AU - Ricke, Steven C.
AU - Kim, Woo K.
N1 - Funding Information:
This review was supported in part by the University of Georgia Startup Grant to author W.K.K and USDA/CREES NIFSI no. 2008-51110-04439 and USDA-SSARE project #LS11-245 grants to author SCR.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
PY - 2016/4/2
Y1 - 2016/4/2
N2 - Organic poultry is an alternative to conventional poultry which is rapidly developing as a response to customers' demand for better food and a cleaner environment. Although organic poultry manure can partially be utilized by organic horticultural producers, litter accumulation as well as excessive nitrogen still remains a challenge to maintain environment pureness, animal, and human health. Compared to conventional poultry, diet formulation without nitrogen overloading in organic poultry is even more complicated due to specific standards and regulations which limit the application of some supplements and imposes specific criteria to the ingredients in use. This is especially valid for methionine provision which supplementation as a crystalline form is only temporarily allowed. This review is focused on the utilization of various protein sources in the preparation of a diet composed of 100% organic ingredients which meet the avian physiology need for methionine, while avoiding protein overload. The potential to use unconventional protein sources such as invertebrates and microbial proteins to achieve optimal amino acid provision is also discussed.
AB - Organic poultry is an alternative to conventional poultry which is rapidly developing as a response to customers' demand for better food and a cleaner environment. Although organic poultry manure can partially be utilized by organic horticultural producers, litter accumulation as well as excessive nitrogen still remains a challenge to maintain environment pureness, animal, and human health. Compared to conventional poultry, diet formulation without nitrogen overloading in organic poultry is even more complicated due to specific standards and regulations which limit the application of some supplements and imposes specific criteria to the ingredients in use. This is especially valid for methionine provision which supplementation as a crystalline form is only temporarily allowed. This review is focused on the utilization of various protein sources in the preparation of a diet composed of 100% organic ingredients which meet the avian physiology need for methionine, while avoiding protein overload. The potential to use unconventional protein sources such as invertebrates and microbial proteins to achieve optimal amino acid provision is also discussed.
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U2 - 10.1080/03601234.2015.1120616
DO - 10.1080/03601234.2015.1120616
M3 - Article
C2 - 26786395
AN - SCOPUS:84956627386
SN - 0360-1234
VL - 51
SP - 230
EP - 235
JO - Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part B Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes
JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part B Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes
IS - 4
ER -