Regeneration of sorghum from shoot tip cultures and field performance of the progeny

A system for rapid plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from shoot tip explants of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is described. Somatic embryogenesis was observed after incubation of explants in dark for 6-7 weeks through a friable embryogenic callus phase. Linsmaier and Skoog medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2 mg 1^-1) and kinetin (0.1 mg 1 ^-1) was used for induction of friable embryogenic calli and somatic embryos. Germination of somatic embryos was achieved about 5 weeks after transfer onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (2 mg 1^-1) and indole-3-acetic acid (0.5 mg 1 ^-1) under light. Seeds from in vitro-regenerated plants produced a normal crop in a field trial, and were comparable to the crop grown with the seeds of the mother plant used to initiate tissue culture. The simplicity of the protocol and possible advantages of the system for transformation over other protocols using different explants are discussed.