Reinforced dielectric properties and energy storage performance of BaO–Na₂O–Nb₂O₅–SiO₂–TiO₂–ZrO₂ dielectric glass ceramics

Glass ceramic capacitors with ultra-fast discharge speed and high energy density play a key role in pulse power systems. However, the low dielectric performance of glass ceramics limits their energy storage density. To reinforce the dielectric properties and energy storage capacity of glass ceramics, the microstructures and contents of the ceramic phases composing BaO–Na₂O–Nb₂O₅–SiO₂–TiO₂–ZrO₂ glass ceramics can be effectively controlled by adjusting different crystallization conditions. At the optimum crystallization temperature of 950 °C, the maximal theoretical energy storage density of BaO–Na₂O–Nb₂O₅–SiO₂–TiO₂–ZrO₂ dielectric glass ceramics reaches 9.54 J/cm³ at 1394 kV/cm, which is 1.47 times that of dielectric glass ceramics crystallized at 750 °C. Moreover, glass ceramics exhibit a rapid discharge rate of approximately 0.237 μs and superior power density (2.39 MW/cm³) at 800 kV/cm. Significant enhancement in energy storage performance of the above ceramics is attributed to the component regulation and the reduction of interface polarization.