TY - JOUR
T1 - Rejuvenation of the Upper Face and Brow
T2 - Neuromodulators and Fillers
AU - Lighthall, Jessyka G.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.
PY - 2018/4/1
Y1 - 2018/4/1
N2 - Facial aging involves a combination of volume loss and descent, loss of skin elasticity, dynamic lines due to facial mimetic muscle action, and development of static rhytids. Although surgery remains an option for treatment, minimally invasive aesthetic procedures continue to gain popularity with the use of neuromodulators and soft tissue fillers being the most sought-after procedures. Although these may be used in isolation to treat specific concerns, they are often combined to address multiple facets of aging. Multiple different neuromodulators and fillers are commercially available. Although relatively effective and safe, a thorough understanding of their indications, compositions, and potential adverse effects is paramount. This article will review the available aesthetic products for minimally invasive periorbital rejuvenation with botulinum toxin and injectable fillers. Although it will not focus on other therapies aimed at facial rejuvenation, such as resurfacing techniques or surgical interventions, it is important to note that an individualized treatment plan may combine multiple therapies to optimize patient outcomes and satisfaction.
AB - Facial aging involves a combination of volume loss and descent, loss of skin elasticity, dynamic lines due to facial mimetic muscle action, and development of static rhytids. Although surgery remains an option for treatment, minimally invasive aesthetic procedures continue to gain popularity with the use of neuromodulators and soft tissue fillers being the most sought-after procedures. Although these may be used in isolation to treat specific concerns, they are often combined to address multiple facets of aging. Multiple different neuromodulators and fillers are commercially available. Although relatively effective and safe, a thorough understanding of their indications, compositions, and potential adverse effects is paramount. This article will review the available aesthetic products for minimally invasive periorbital rejuvenation with botulinum toxin and injectable fillers. Although it will not focus on other therapies aimed at facial rejuvenation, such as resurfacing techniques or surgical interventions, it is important to note that an individualized treatment plan may combine multiple therapies to optimize patient outcomes and satisfaction.
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U2 - 10.1055/s-0038-1637004
DO - 10.1055/s-0038-1637004
M3 - Article
C2 - 29631280
AN - SCOPUS:85045188182
SN - 0736-6825
VL - 34
SP - 119
EP - 127
JO - Facial Plastic Surgery
JF - Facial Plastic Surgery
IS - 2
ER -