Replacing Diesel Engines with CNG Engines - Impact on Emissions, Based on Chassis Dynamometer Tests of Medium and Heavy-Duty Buses

This paper compares carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and oxides of nitrogen emissions from medium and heavy-duty buses using diesel, diesel-hybrid, and CNG powertrains. Comparisons are made using results from chassis dynamometer-based tests with driving cycles intended to simulate a wide range of operating conditions. Tail pipe emissions are measured by diluting the vehicle's exhaust in a full-scale dilution tunnel by mixing with conditioned air. Samples are drawn through probes of raw exhaust, diluted exhaust and measured using laboratory grade emission analyzers. Fuel consumption of diesel is measured using a weighing scale, while a gas flow meter is used for measuring CNG consumption. Experimental data from 19 buses tested on a chassis dynamometer over the last 8 years has been analyzed and a comparison of results from similar buses with the differently fueled powertrains is presented. Based on these test results, it is shown that replacing diesel engines with CNG engines does not significantly reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide, while it increases carbon monoxide and methane emissions, reduces oxides of nitrogen emissions, and does not substantially help to reduce global warming.